单选题On her last night in the house, Mrs. Robson was feeling ______.

单选题 Caring for Elderly Parents Catches Many Unprepared A．Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for. 'I was flying by the seat of my pants,' says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn't handle her mother's care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. 'I couldn't do it all,' she says. 'But I didn't even know how to find help.' B．With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. 'But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact,' Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared. C．While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attomey, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) 'It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent,' says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says AgingCare.com. D．It's important for families to talk about Iong-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it's not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. E．Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home. F．Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid. G．If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver. H．Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. 'I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,' says Walker, who now is a full time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. 'When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptism by fire,' she says. 'New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything,' she says. I．Caregivers need to also watch their own health. 'There is such a thing as caregiver burnout,' Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. 'It's a hard job,' Walker says. 'But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now.'

单选题Congressional debate over the passage of this {{U}}controversial{{/U}} bill is inevitable.

单选题I didn’t tell him ______ news at once because I wanted to give him surprise.

单选题 A New Prescription for the Poor A. America is developing a two-tier health system, one for those with private insurance, the other for the less well-off. 'IT'S Time for Dancing with the Stars!', a woman announces enthusiastically. At this New York health centre, wedged between housing projects to the east and Chinatown to the west, 'dancing with the stars' means dancing with a physical therapist. An old man stands up with a nurse and begins a determined samba. B. Comprehensive Care Management (CCM), which runs this centre, tries to keep old people active. To do so, explains Joseph Healy, the chief operating officer, is in the company's best interest. The government pays CCM a capped rate for the care of its members. If someone gets sick, his health costs rise and the company's margin shrinks. Mr. Healy argues that the system is the best way to provide good care at a low cost. Increasingly others seem to agree. C. Medicaid, America's health programme for the poor, is in the process of being transformed. Over the next three years, New York will move its entire Medicaid population into 'managed care', paying companies a set rate to tend to the poor, rather than paying a fee for each service. New York is not alone. States from California to Mississippi are expanding managed care. It is the culmination of a steady shift in the way most poor Americans receive their health-care treatment. D. Medicaid is America's single biggest health programme. This year roughly one in five Americans will be covered by Medicaid for a month or more. It gobbles more federal and local money than any state programme, other than education. Costs will rise even more when Barack Obama's health-care reform expands the programme by easing eligibility rules in 2014. Congress's 'supercommittee' is already considering cuts. However, there are more immediate pressures behind the present drive for change. E. Enrollment in Medicaid jumped during the downturn, from 42.7m in December 2007 to 50.3m in June 2010. Mr. Obama's stimulus bill helped to pay for some of this, but that money has dried up. Faced with gaping deficits, some desperate governors slashed payments to hospitals and doctors, or refused to pay for trips to the dentist or oculist. But much the most important result has been structural: the expansion of managed care. F. States have dabbled in managed care for decades. The trend accelerated in the 1990s, with the share of Medicaid patients under this form of care reaching 72% by 2009. Now, however, there is a strong push for the remainder. States that did not have managed care, such as Louisiana, are introducing it. Other states are extending it to people previously deemed off limits: California and New York, for example, are moving the elderly and disabled into that system of care. Texas is targeting more than 400,000 Medicaid beneficiaries in the Rio Grande Valley. Local politicians had resisted the move, nervous that care might deteriorate. But the yawning deficit meant that they were overruled. The result is a country with two distinct tiers of health care. Most Americans with private insurance are still horrified by thoughts of health-management organisations and prefer to pay fees for each medical service. For the poor, managed care is becoming the norm. G. Advocates of managed care have high expectations. First, they hope that it will make costs more predictable. Second, they believe that the change will improve patients' health. In managed care, a patient has a network of doctors and specialists. If the programme works properly, doctors can monitor all aspects of care, in contrast to the fragmented fee-for-service system. The contracts that states have with firms can set standards for quality. Texas, for instance, will cut 5% from a company's payment if it does not meet what is required. The next step is to integrate care for those eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare, the federal programme for the old. These 'duals' account for almost 40% of Medicaid's costs and just 15% of its population. 'If managed care can really deliver better care than fee-for-service', says Diane Rowland, chair of the commission that advises Congress on Medicaid, 'this is the population that could prove it.' H. But some, such as Norma Vescovo, are sceptical. As the head of the non-profit Independent Living Centre of Southern California (ILCSC), Ms. Vescovo serves Medicaid patients with severe health problems. Over the years she has often sued California on policies that she thinks will hurt her vulnerable clients. On October 3rd her case moved to the Supreme Court. The outcome of Douglas v Independent Living Centre will have profound implications for the future of Medicaid. Ms. Vescovo's suit concerns cuts to hospitals and doctors. But the case will also guide the course of managed care. If ILCSC and its co-plaintiffs win, private groups will continue to be able to challenge states on policies they think violate federal Medicaid law. Ms. Vescovo, who argues that California's payment cuts would eviscerate her clients' access to services, worries that under managed care the disabled might not be able to see the specialists they need. The question is how to supervise the experiments with managed care that are being carried out in various states. To date, Medicaid beneficiaries have been able to challenge the states in court. However, if the Supreme Court rules against ILCSC, that avenue will be closed. The Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) technically can intervene if states do not provide proper access to care. In reality, CMS has few tools to do so. I. 'I'm a big fan of managed care', says Sara Rosenbaum, a professor at George Washington University, 'but this transformation may happen with almost no federal oversight.' Medicaid beneficiaries are vulnerable, in worse health than Americans as a whole. Companies may struggle to cut costs and provide good care as well. If states do not draft their contracts properly, or fail to be vigilant in monitoring patients' health, their experiment in managed care could be a disaster. On the other hand, if states are careful they could provide an answer to the question that has vexed America for years: how to provide good, cheap health care.

单选题Writing code is a terrible way for humans to command computers. Lucky for us, new technology is about to 27 programming languages as useful as Latin. Boston, New York, New Zealand and a whole lot of other places are going crazy for coding courses 28 by Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates. It's 29 in tech circles to say so and might get me disinvited to parties with the cast of Silicon Valley, but learning a programming language could turn out to be 30 for most kids. We're approaching an interesting 31 : Computers are about to get more brainlike and will understand us on our terms, not theirs. The very nature of programming will shift toward something closer to 32 a new hire how to do his or her job. Using a made-up language to talk to computers goes back to the 1950s, when IBM scientist John Backus created FORTRAN (公式翻译). Since computers then had less processing power than an earthworm, it was much easier for humans to learn ways to give orders to computers than it was to get computers to 33 humans. Over the next six decades, programming languages got 34 sophisticated. But computers are still like Parisian waiters who refuse to listen if you don't speak French: They take direction only in their own language. Finally, it looks as if that will change. A couple of developments 35 how. One comes out of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the military's science lab. Later this year, DARPA is going to 36 a program called MUSE (Mining and Understanding Software Enclaves). 'What we're trying to do is a paradigm shift in the way we think about software,' DARPA's Suresh Jagannathan tells Newsweek. A. backed I. launch B. boosted J. offensive C. comprehend K. prior D. fruitless L. prosperity E. illustrate M. render F. increasingly N. sponsored G. instantly O. transition H. instructing

单选题Based upon the content of the article, it can be assumed that the writer______.

单选题Now illegal copies of music CDs ______ losses of about $300 million in sales annually and $ 65 million lost government tax revenue. A. conflict B. inflict C. compromise D. defer

单选题He couldn't ______ his curiosity to see what was in the box.

单选题He is said to be equal to any task whatever.

单选题The remarks of the author's friend in Paragraph 3 indicate that Europeans ______.

单选题He looked quite healthy though he was ______.

单选题下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Finding Paradise 天堂 and Success in Retirement　　Ivy Singh and her husband had their retirement all

单选题______I saw was two men crossing the street.

单选题Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 4 , some shops offered 5 These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6 in the 1950s, a change began to 7 Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 11 the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 12 as a collection of small new stores 13 crowded city centers. 14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 16 of shopping centers led 17 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. 18 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 19 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 20 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.

单选题In the final straight Meyers stumbled , and although he didn"t fall it was enough to lose his first place.

单选题An example of' product in monopolistic competition is ______ .

单选题At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of the behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even tall about them. Now with the publication of important books such as "On Death and Dying" and "Learning to Say Goodbye", people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans tall about constantly. It's not taboo to tall about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "thin" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self- respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is "in", fat is "out".

单选题The following phrasal verbs can be taken as the synonyms of the verb "rummage through" in the context except ______.