单选题Scotland provides superb opportunities to enjoy wild and grand scenery which is even more impressive than the postcards suggest. It also offers towns and cities with a rich cultural life, a good mix of accommodation and places to eat and drink. Friendly and welcoming, it is an interesting and colorful all-season destination, where landscapes and the environment, sport and leisure pursuits, heritage and history, culture and cuisine are all part of a rewarding experience. The best reason for choosing to go on holiday to Scotland is: one of the last places inside the crowded and frenetic European Union where it is possible to be alone isolated countryside. This is not to say that Scotland, like everywhere else, does not have its tourist traps, its crowded roads or its popular beauty spots. But it is relatively easy to escape from them. It would be a mistake to think that Scotland is merely an extension of England. Indeed, no attitude is capable of causing greater offence to the Scots. They successfully resisted English attempts at domination for seven hundred years, and many differences between the two countries persist. Scotland's history, embodied in its castles, battlefields, and ancient links with France, Flanders and Scandinavia, is special.

单选题How did King Henry find out about the plot?

单选题The clock has stopped I________get it go again and set the alarm，or I will be late again tomorrow.

单选题No sooner had he sat down to lunch ______. there was a knock at the door.

单选题A．constructions B．obstructions C．bother D．scattered E．through F．splashed by G．pattern H．intend I．narrowly J．fierce K．fragmentary L．manner M．splashed out N．resigned to O．closely In the morning it started to rain. It was the first rain of the new year and it marked, in an extremely violent 42 , the beginning of the rainy season. The drops which fell were large, and they fell straight down, for 43 tropical rains never degenerate into slanting drizzle, the familiar 44 of a rainy day in so many other parts of the world. The rain fell heavily, it fell continuously and it saturated everything which lay in its way. During the rain most people kept to their homes. But a few walked about, 45 the wetness of their clothes and determined to carry on as usual. And, for those who wished to keep dry however much it cost them, there were always the taxis. They 46 along the road, with the windscreen wipers revealing only 47 glimpses of the drivers' peering faces. Initially, when the rain had started, the drivers had had only the big puddles to miss, but later on, then the drains had overflowed and the whole road swam with water, all dangerous pits and 48 had been hidden, and the faces peering 49 the windscreens peered even more anxiously than before. But often the faces inside the taxi ceased to 50 to look out at all, for water had splashed up to the electrical system, and the engine stopped just as surly and abruptly as it would have done. The car had actually skidded into the drains after it had so 51 missed only a few moments.

单选题For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than______.

单选题Imagine the psychological impact upon a foe of encountering squads of seemingly invincible warriors ______ armor and ______ superhuman capabilities.

单选题A. As the world gets warmer, sea levels are rising. It has been happening at a snail's pace so far, but as it speeds up more and more low-lying coastal land will be lost. At risk are many of the world's cities and huge areas of fertile farmland. The sea is set to rise a metre or more by the end of this century. And that's just the start. 'Unless there is a rapid and dramatic about-face in emissions—which no one expects—the next century will be far worse than this century,' says glaciologist (冰川学家) Bob Bindshadler of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland. B. Throwing trillions of dollars at the problem could probably save big cities such as New York and London, but the task of defending all low-lying coastal areas and islands seems hopeless. Or is it? Could we find a way to slow the accelerating glaciers, drain seas into deserts or add more ice to the great ice caps of Greenland and Antarctica? C. These ideas might sound crazy but we have got ourselves into such a bad situation that maybe we should start to consider them. If we carry on as we are, sea levels will rise for millennia, probably by well over 10 metres. Slashing greenhouse gas emissions would slow the rise, but the longer we hesitate, the bigger the rise we will be committed to. Even if ''conventional' geo-engineering schemes for cooling the planet were put in place and worked as planned, they would have little effect on sea level over the next century unless combined with drastic emissions cuts. D. In short, if coastal dwellers don't want their children and grandchildren to have to abandon land to the sea, now is the time to start coming up with Plan C. So New Scientist set out in search of the handful of researchers who have begun to think about specific ways to hold back the waters. E. One of the reasons why the great ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are already shrinking is that the ice is draining off the land faster. Ice floating on the surrounding seas usually acts as a brake, holding back glaciers on land, so as this ice is lost the glaciers flow faster. The acceleration of the Jakobshavn glacier in Greenland is thought to be the result of warm currents melting the floating tongue of the glacier. Other outlet glaciers are being attacked in a similar way. F. Mike MacCracken of the Climate Institute in Washington DC is one of those starting to think that we shouldn't just sit back and let warm currents melt ice shelves. 'Is there some way of doing something to stop that flow, or cool the water?' he asks. G. Last year, physicist Russel Seitz at Harvard University suggested that the planet could be cooled by using fleets of customised boats to generate large numbers of tiny bubbles. This would whiten the surface of the oceans and so reflect more sunlight. MacCracken says the bubbles might be better arranged in a more focused way, to cool the currents that are undermining the Jakobshavn glacier and others like it. A couple of degrees of chill would take this water down to freezing point, rendering it harmless. 'At least that would slow the pace of change,' MacCracken says. H. What about a more direct approach: building a physical barrier to halt a glacier's flow into the sea by brute force? Bindshadler thinks that is a non-starter. 'The ice discharge has many sources, mostly remote and in environments where barriers are not likely to work,' he says. 'Taking just the one example I know best, the Pine Island glacier in Antarctica drains into an ice shelf that at its front is 25 kilometres across and 500 metres thick, and moves at over 10 metres per day. The seabed there is 1000 metres down and is made of sediment (深深物) hundreds of metres thick and the consistency of toothpaste.' Not your ideal building site. I. A slightly more subtle scheme to rein in the glaciers was proposed more than 20 years ago by Douglas MacAyeal of the University of Chicago. His idea is to fight ice with ice. The big outlet glaciers feed into giant floating shelves of ice, which break off into icebergs at their outer edges. MacAyeal suggested pumping water up from beneath the ice and depositing it on the upper surface, where it would freeze to form a thick ridge, weighing down the floating ice shelf. Add enough ice in this way, and the bottom of the ice shelf would eventually be forced down onto the seabed. Friction with the seabed would slow down the shells movement, which in turn would hold back the glaciers feeding into it. It would be like tightening an immense valve. J. 'I think it's quite an inspired idea,' says Bindshadler. But nobody has followed it up to work out how practical the scheme would be. 'On the back of an envelope it has promise—but these ice shelves are big. You would need a lot of drilling equipment all over the ice shelf, and my intuition is that if you look at the energetics of it, it won't work,' Bindshadler says. K. Even if we could apply brakes to glaciers, this would only slow down sea level rise. Could we do better than that and reverse it—actually make the sea retreat? If you think of the sea as a giant bathtub, then the most obvious way to lower its level is to take out the plug. L. 'One of the oldest notions is filling depressions on the land,' says MacCracken. Among the largest of these is the Qattara depression in northern Egypt, which at its lowest point is more than 130 metres below sea level. Various schemes have been proposed to channel water from the Mediterranean into the depression to generate hydroelectric (水力的) power, and as a by-product a few thousand cubic kilometres of the sea would be drained away. Unfortunately, that's only enough to shave about 3 millimetres off sea level: a drop in the ocean. And there would be grave consequences for the local environment. 'The leakage of salt water through fracture systems would add salt to aquifers (含水层) for good,' says Farouk El-Baz, a geologist at Boston University who has studied the region. M. Refining the Dead Sea is no better. Because of surrounding hills, this depression could be filled to 60 metres above sea level, but even that would only offset the rise by 5 millimetres—and drown several towns into the bargain. N. The notion of engineering lower sea levels remains a highly abstract topic. 'If the world doesn't control emissions, I'm pretty sure that no geo-engineering solution will work—and it would potentially create other side effects and false promises,' says MacCracken. 'But if we do get on a path to curbing emissions dramatically—down 50 per cent by 2050, say—then the question becomes, can geo-engineering help with the hump we're going to go through over the next few centuries?'

单选题What will NOT happen if the employer puts too much pressure on the employees by using the monitoring system?

单选题According to the estimate, the illiterate population in the world is ______.

单选题 You are ______ careful than your sister. You two can't do the work that needs care and skill.

单选题Her panic was transient, and ceased when she began to speak.

单选题In contrast to Britain, France is funding their medical care

单选题His major task is to Uintegrate/U the work of various bureaus under the ministry.

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of innovation ability. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题 Big is Back A Corporate giants were on the defensive for decades. Now they have the advantage again. In 1996, in one of his most celebrated phrases, Bill Clinton declared that 'the era of big government is over'. He might have added that the era of big companies was over, too. The organisation that de-freed capitalism for much of the 20th century was then in retreat, attacked by corporate raiders, annoyed by shareholders and outwitted by entrepreneurs (企业家). Great names such as Pan Am had disappeared. Others had survived only by huge bloodletting: IBM sacked 122,000 people, a quarter of its workforce, between 1990 and 1995. Everyone agreed that the future lay with entrepreneurial start-ups such as Yahoo! —which in late 1998 had the same market capitalisation with 637 employees as Boeing with 230,000. The share of GDP produced by big industrial companies fell by half between 1974 and 1998, from 36% to 17%. B Today the balance of advantage may be shifting again. To a degree, the financial crisis is responsible. It has destroyed the venture-capital market, the lifeblood of many young firms. Governments have been rescuing companies they consider too big to fail, such as Citigroup and General Motors. Recession is squeezing out smaller and less well-connected firms. But there are other reasons too, which are giving big companies a self-confidence they have not displayed for decades. C Of course, big companies never went away. There were still plenty of first-rate ones: Unilever and Toyota continued to innovate through thick and thin. And not all start-ups were models of success: Netscape and Enron promised to revolutionise their industries only to crash and burn. Nevertheless, the balance had shifted in favour of small organisations. The entrepreneurial boom was supercharged by two developments. Deregulation (撤销管制规定) opened protected markets. Some national champions, such as ATT, were broken up. Others saw their markets eaten up by swift-footed newcomers. The arrival of the personal computer in the 1970s and the internet in the 1990s created an army of successful start-ups. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer in 1976 in the Jobs family's garage. Microsoft and Dell Computer were both founded by teenagers (in 1975 and 1984 respectively). Larry Page and Sergey Brin started Google in Stanford dorm rooms. D But deregulation had already begun to go out of fashion before the financial crisis. The Sarbanes-Oxley act, introduced after Enron collapsed in disgrace, increased the regulatory burden on companies of all sizes, but what could be borne by the big could cripple the small. Many of today's most dynamic industries are much more friendly to big companies than the IT industry. Research in biotechnology is costly and often does not bear fruit for years. Natural-resource companies, whose importance grows as competition for resources intensifies, need to be big—hence the mining industry's consolidation. E Two further developments are shifting the balance of advantage in favour of size. One is a heightened awareness of the risks of subcontracting (转包合同). Toy companies and pet-food firms alike have found that their brands can be hurt if their suppliers turn out goods of poor quality. Big industrial companies have learned that their production cycles can be broken up if contractors are not up to the mark. Boeing, once a champion of subcontracting, has been forced to take over slow suppliers. A second is the emergence of companies that have discovered how to be entrepreneurial as well as big. These giants are getting better at minimising the costs of size (such as longer, more complex chains of managerial command) while exploiting its advantages (such as presence in several markets and access to a large talent pool). Cisco Systems is pioneering the use of its own video technology to improve communications between its employees. IBM has carded out several company-wide brainstorming exercises, recently involving more than 150,000 people, that have encouraged it to put more emphasis, for example, on green computing. Disney has successfully taken Pixar's creative magic. F You might suppose that the return of the mighty, now better equipped to crush the competition, is something to worry about. Not necessarily. Big is not always ugly just as small is not always beautiful. Most entrepreneurs dream of turning their start-ups into giants (or at least of selling them to giants for a fortune). There is a symbiosis (互利合作关系) between large and small. 'Cloud computing' would not provide young firms with access to huge amounts of computer power if big companies had not created giant servers. Biotech start-ups would go bust were they not given work by giants with deep pockets. G The most successful economic ecosystems contain a variety of big and small companies: Silicon Valley boasts long-established names as well as an ever-changing array of start-ups. America's economy has been more dynamic than Europe's in recent decades not just because it is better at giving birth to companies but also because it is better at letting them grow. Only 5% of European Union companies born since 1980 have made it into the list of the 1,000 biggest in the EU by market capitalisation. In America, the figure is 22%. H The return of the giants could well be a blessing for the world economy—but only if business people and policymakers avoid certain mistakes. Businesses should not admire size blindly, particularly if this means diversifying into a lot of unrelated areas. The model of joint business may be tempting when cash is hard to find. But the moment will not last. By and large, the most successful big firms focus on their core businesses. I Policymakers should both resist an instinctive suspicion of big companies and avoid the old error of embracing national champions. It is bad enough that governments have diverted resources into supporting failing companies such as General Motors. It would be even more regrettable if they were to return to picking winners. The best use of their energies is to remove the burdens and barriers which prevent entrepreneurs from starting businesses and turning small companies into big ones.

单选题This October, the interact celebrated its 40th birthday. In the past 40 years, this great invention has changed our lives in many ways, including our shopping habits. *A big attraction. Not long ago, I became an online shopper. I had heard about online shopping before, but I had no intention of following the trend. It was not until my room bought some cosmetics via the internet and both morn and I tried them and were satisfied with the purchase that I finally decided to register for Taobao, China' s leading e-commerce website. Soon, I found cyberspace to be a shopping paradise. There are a lot of cheap daily necessities such as clothes, books, stationery etc. Lots of choices, lower of prices and great convenience making shopping online a big attraction. *A new platform. Generally speaking, I'm satisfied with goods I' ve bought online, but it doesn't means that I can fully trust e-shopping. On many BBS forums online shoppers bitterly condemn a few e-shops for selling low-quality goods and cheating them of their money. Since no one likes being cheated, some people have turned to a new platform for e-shopping. They have started to buy and sell goods via social net-working websites--for example, two of my classmates have recently set up an e-store on Renren to sell colored contact lenses. (镜片)There is little risk of being cheated, since the sellers are the people we know well. *A good suggestion Although there are many advantages of doing business via social networking websites, I think it's improper for high school students to do business with schoolmates. First, doing business means shouldering huge responsibilities, and we' re not mature enough to have them. Second, our present main task is studying, when doing business is pretty time-consuming. Third, if you are dissatisfied with what you' ve bought from your friends, what will you do? If you retum your purchases, you may hurt your friends' feelings; if you keep silent, you may not feel happy. Shakespeare once said, "To be or not to be, that' s a question. " If you don' t want to face such problems, please follow suggestion: be careful when shopping online and don' t make profits from friendship.

单选题此题为音频题

单选题George: ______?Ann: Well, it's a great dance all right, but I've been to quite a few parties lately and fed up with them.