问答题In this part there is a passage in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary coves the major points of the passage. 艾滋病是全社会的威胁 什么是艾滋病(AIDS)? 艾滋病是一种由艾滋病病毒、即人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus，简称HIV)侵入人体后破坏人体免疫功能，使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致被感染者死亡的一种严重传染病。艾滋病的医学全称为“获得性免疫缺陷综合症”(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)。这个命名表达了艾滋病的完整概念，从中我们可以了解到艾滋病的三个明确定义：“获得性”表示在病因方面是后天获得而不是先天具有的。“免疫缺陷”表示在发病机理方面，主要是造成人体免疫系统的损伤而导致免疫系统的防护功能减低或丧失。免疫缺陷病的共同特点是对感染的易感性明显增加和易发生恶性肿瘤。“综合症”表示在临床症状方面，由于免疫缺陷导致的各个系统的感染和肿瘤而出现的复杂症状群。 艾滋病发源于非洲。1981年全球首例艾滋病病例在美国被发现。1985年在中国发现了首例艾滋病例。全世界共有艾滋病病毒携带者和患者4990万，大多数在发展中国家，其中非洲约3700万。截止2002年，我国艾滋病病毒感染总人数已突破一百万，所有省、自治区、直辖市都有艾滋病病例报道。 艾滋病的传播途径和发病过程 艾滋病病毒感染者虽然外表和正常人一样，但他们的血液、精液、阴道分泌物、皮肤粘膜破损或炎症溃疡的渗出液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒，具有很强的传染性。乳汁也含病毒，有传染性。唾液、泪水、汗液和尿液中也能发现病毒，但数量很少，传染性不大。已经证实的艾滋病传染途径主要有三条：性传播、血传播和母婴传播，其核心是通过性传播和血传播。 从感染艾滋病病毒发展成艾滋病病人一般可分为四期。第一期为急性期，是指从受到感染至血清中出现抗艾滋病病毒抗体这段时期。此期往往因症状轻微而被人们忽视。第二期为无症状期，也称潜伏期。除血清中抗艾滋病病毒抗体阳性外无任何临床症状。第三期为艾滋病前期，其主要表现是，持续性全身淋巴结肿大，而无其他临床症状。第四期为完全艾滋病期或艾滋病晚期。此期表现较为复杂，可出现各种各样症状，如：不明原因的发热、腹泻、体重减轻、二重感染和继发肿瘤等。 艾滋病的治疗和预防 艾滋病是一种病死率极高的严重传染病，目前还没有治愈的药物和方法，但可预防。治疗药物可分为三大类：抗HIV病毒药物，免疫调节剂和抗感染药物。近年来艾滋病的治疗研究有了很大进展，有些新药将要上市，不久的将来一定能攻克治疗上的难关。中国的一些中药亦有调整免疫功能的作用。目前有些研究已发现，某些中药或其成分在体外实验过程中能抑制HIV，且价格便宜，预计会有很好的应用前景。对艾滋病的治疗目前还没有传出令人乐观的消息。美籍华裔科学家发明的联合药物疗法“鸡尾洒疗法”曾轰动一时，但现在研究发现即使同时使用3种甚至4种药物也不能完全消除人体内的艾滋病病毒。相反，在体内潜伏一段时间后，病毒数量还可能大规模上升。 艾滋病威胁着每一个人和每一个家庭。预防艾滋病是全社会的责任。绝大多数感染者要经过五到十年时间才发展成病人。一般在发病后的2．3年内死亡。与艾滋病人及艾滋病病毒感染者的日常生活和工作接触不会感染艾滋病，艾滋病不会经电话机、餐饮具、卧具、游泳池或浴室等公共设施传播，也不会经咳嗽、喷嚏、蚊虫叮咬等途径传播。遵守性道德是预防经性途径传染艾滋病的根本措施。共用注射器、吸毒是传播艾滋病的重要途径，因此要拒绝毒品，珍爱生命。避免不必要的输血，注射，使用没有严格消毒器具的不安全拔牙和美容等，使用经艾滋病病毒抗体检测的血液和血液制品。

问答题Everyone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from 379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy-sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they're turning everything off, that sort of thing. 46)If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying, "Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account." These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be part of the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering, a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible. I wonder whether this can be true. 47)After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. 48)A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even been programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides. It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. 49)When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and stand listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking. And the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters. On the other hand, the evidences of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. 50)As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed with the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities. Mistakes are at the very base of human thought, embedded there, feeding the structure like root nodules. If we were not provided with the art of being wrong, we could never get anything useful done. We think our way along by choosing between right and wrong alternatives, and the wrong choices have to be made as frequently as the right ones. We get along in life this way. We are built to make mistakes, coded for error.

问答题eye candy

问答题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a short essay of about 300 words on the topic below. Give a title to your essay, and write the essay on the Answer Sheet (2) only. Privatized companies have been a trend. When being encountered with economic crisis and the corresponding downward employment rate, many university graduates choose to have their own company, i. e. to be their own boss. Would you like to be self-employed some day? Why or Why not?

问答题由于你要搬回青岛，并且是和家人永久居住在那儿，因此你要辞去目前的工作，并对领导及同事在工作中给予的信任和支持表达谢意。

问答题How many ways are used to stipulate who shall bear the loading and unloading charges in charter party?

问答题Translate the following passage from Chinese into English(20 points) 不久前有人问：恺撒、亚历山大、克伦威尔等人，哪一个是最伟大的人物?但回答却是：牛顿。不过这个看似答非所问的回答也不无道理。因为，倘若伟大是指得天独厚、才智超群、明理而诲人的话，像牛顿先生这样一个十个世纪以来杰出的人，才真正是伟大人物。至于那些政治家和征服者，哪个世纪也不稀罕，都不过是些大名鼎鼎的坏蛋罢了。我们应当尊敬的是凭真理的力量统治人心的人，而不是依靠暴力来奴役人的人；是认识真理的人，而不是歪曲真理的人。

问答题"My Views about Ambition Makes a Man"

问答题Dry September

问答题Congress is now deliberating legislative and budgetary changes that would dramatically redefine the nation's responsibilities for the least advantaged. Debate about these responsibilities should be welcomed and new ideas given careful consideration. It is not written in stone or in the Constitution that the federal government needs to take care of the poor. (1) Current programs are widely viewed as deficient, in large part because they are perceived as encouraging dependency and the dissolution of the family. In some areas, the federal role has become too intrusive. And without new taxes, money is in short supply. Returning responsibility to the states with a tie-off grant from the federal government to ease the transition is seen by many as the solution. In my own view, arguments that current proposals are the best means of dealing with these problems are somewhat disingenuous. (2) As many have argued, these proposals could more accurately be described as a Trojan horse designed to dismantle the welfare state that has existed for the past 60 years. If the objective is to encourage work and marriage, these reforms send the right signals but may disappoint in practice. If the objective is to provide states with greater flexibility, the solution is a streamlined waiver process and other modest reforms. (3) States already have a great deal of flexibility and could readily be given more within a framework that establishes minimum protections for the poor and accountability for the public's money. If the objective is to reduce the deficit, this could be achieved without cutting so deeply into programs that help the most vulnerable. The poorest 20 percent of the population now receives roughly 4 percent of all income in the United States. Any deficit reduction package that asks them to pay more than 4 percent of the total burden is arguably unfair. Yet chances are that they will end up paying far more than this. Deficit reduction is a worthy goal, but numerous tax subsidies and entitlement programs could be tapped before low-income programs were cut. (4) As it is, safety-net programs are being restructured in ways that not only yield federal savings but also promise less state effort as well. Finally, if the objective is to reduce poverty without encouraging dependency, the most important thing that government can do is to assist low-income working families with such measures as the EITC, child care, subsidized health insurance, and adjustments in the minimum wage. (5) If personal commitments to work and family are the surest way out of poverty, as they have been in the past, then these work-oriented measures are the best way to keep those who play by the rules from falling further behind.

问答题International Translation Day

问答题The four girls in "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants" make a pact. (46)Having found the magic every woman dreams of, a pair of jeans that fits all four of them perfectly, they vow to share them long-distance during their first summer apart. The jeans must be magic, because the girls' shapes couldn't be more different. Petite Lena (Alexis Bledel) is allergic to boys who see her as a beautiful face. Witty Carmen (America Ferrera ) is too curvy to fit into the bridesmaid's gown ordered for her by Lydia (Nancy Travis), the Southern bride-to-be of her divorced father (Bradley Whitford). Bridget (Blake Lively), a lanky star athlete, has never come to terms with her mother's suicide. (47) And Tibby (Amber Tamblyn) is a blue-haired cynic whose summer job at a superstore named Wallman's is paying for video equipment to make her first film. (48)The girls pass the jeans around to bring them luck when they are separated: Lena with relatives on Santorini where Kostas (Michael Rady) changes her mind about men; Carmen with the father she never sees, whose new family is a shock; Bridget in a Mexican soccer camp, where she sets her sights on Eric(Mike Vogel), forbidden fruit because he's a coach; and Tibby videotaping her co-workers. "A documentary," says one interview subject. "That's like a movie, only boring?" Delia Ephron and Elizabeth Chandler's screenplay is nicely served by the direction of a comedy veteran, Ken Kwapis.(49) He creates a fairytale summer world where the girls grapple with real issues: love and family, death, losing your virginity for the wrong reasons, divorce, racism and having an unfashionable body type. (50)The magic, of course is in the girls, as they help each other achieve insights that few of their elders could manage. gently sprinkled sprinkled with tears. Ann Brashares, who wrote the novel on which the film is based, has written two more books about the Sisterhood. If this one clicks, Warner Bros may find itself the proud owner of the first summer film franchise for teenage girls.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefully,andwriteanessayofatleast200words,B.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning.2)Giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.

问答题Steve Jobs is an entrepreneur. And that is how history will long remember him. Not primarily as a fiduciary or an institution builder or an administrator, but rather as an individual who relentlessly pursued new opportunities. (1) From the first Apple computers to the breakthrough innovations of the past eight years, he has chased new possibilities without being discouraged by whatever obstacles he encountered. Over and over again he has turned his eye and his energy—and at times, it has seemed, his entire being—to what might be gained by creating a new offering or taking an unorthodox strategic path. (2) That puts him in the company of other great entrepreneurs of the past two centuries, each of whom—and especially Steve Jobs has been defined by the intense drive, tireless curiosity, and keen commercial imagination. That has allowed them to see products and industries and possibilities that might be. (3) Each of these individuals has also been extremely hardworking, demanding of themselves and others. All have been compelled more by the significance of their own vision than by their doubts. (4) Jobs came of age in a moment of far-reaching economic, social, and technological change that we now call the Information Revolution. He has had a sense—analytic and intuitive—that in a time of great transformation, a lot is up for grabs. Imbued with a perception of his own importance on a stage where everything from telephony to music distribution to consumers' relationships with technology is being disrupted, Jobs felt there was simply no time to lose. (5) This understanding has fueled the rapid-fire pace of his actions and his obsession with "what's next?" in products, which may have also fed his often harsh, dictatorial, and somehow still-inspiring management style.

问答题I had been overwhelmed by her beauty and her smile.

问答题Specially trained outsiders often see trends or problems that people inside a company might miss because they are too close to the situation.

问答题Directions: There are a lot of choices you have to make in your life and some events or changes that have occurred because of them. In the following you are requested to write a composition about one of the choices you have made. Describe how your life changed because of the choice and then describe how it might have been or might be if you have done things differently. Your essay should be about 400 words. The suggested title is A Turning Point in My Life. In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main idea, and in the second part you should support the main idea with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or other. Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency. 46){{U}}Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted.{{/U}} Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside? 47){{U}}The most obvious answer is that because of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come.{{/U}} However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business. If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong? Computers have many uses, varying from pure accounting or back-office systems to stock or production control, or computer-aided design or manufacturing. 48){{U}}In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business.{{/U}} The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers have been theft. 49){{U}}Initially the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly.{{/U}} It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no back-ups of date and/or programmes. The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock-down plates or cables. 50){{U}}However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft.{{/U}} This led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes.