复合题What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line 1, para 9)
复合题Which of the following is one of the problems in using the new system?
复合题If employees work on public holidays, usually they will get ________ .
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复合题he writer followed the blind man because ______.
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复合题Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You
复合题The word "cushion" in Para. 2 means ______.
复合题Directions:Readthepassagecarefully,fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordgivenbelowandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ArecentBBCdocumentary,whichfilmedanexperimentinwhichfiveChineseteacherstaught50studentsaccordingtoChinese-styleeducationnormsataschoolintheUnitedKingdom,hassparkeda【A1】______onlinedebateonwhetherChineseorWesternmethodsarebetter.But【A2】______adebateisnotnew,despitethetalkofaculturalclash.TheWesthasforlongpromotedsmallclasses【A3】______focusonstudents’individualityanddifferences,emphasizestudent-teacherinteractionsandattachgreatimportancetocultivatingstudents’independence,creativityandabilitytocommunicate.In【A4】______,classesinChinaare【A5】______(thatis,theyhavemanystudents),inwhichteachersarethecenter,andemphasizeuniformity,disciplineandteachers’authority.Chineseteachingmethodsfocusonstudents’diligence,obedienceand(forwantofabetterterm)abilitytoimitate.Thelatestonline【A6】______hasagainraisedthequestion:Whichteachingmethodisbetter,theChineseortheWestern?Forlong,mostChinesepeopleand【A7】______havetakenitforgrantedthattheWesterneducationmodelissuperiortotheChinese.ButwiththeriseofChina,especiallyafterShanghaistudents’excellentperformanceintheProgramforInternationalStudentAssessmentoverthepastyears,Westerngovernmentsand【A8】______havebecomelesscertainabouttheefficacyoftheirteachingmethods.ThefactthatstudentsnurturedundertheChineseeducationmodelcanbeequaltoorbetterthantheirWestern【A9】______hashighlightedtheadvantagesoftheChina’seducationmodel.Inparticular,theBritishsecretaryofeducation’svisittoChinatoreviewtheChineseteachingmethodsandsomeChineseteachers’【A10】______totheUKtoprovide“educationalaid”seemtobeashotinthearmfortheChineseeducationmodel.ManyChinesenowbelieveChina’sbasiceducationsystemlaysamoresolidfoundationforstudentscomparedwithits【A11】______counterparts.Themainreasonfor【A12】______ismostoftheChinesestudentswhogotoWesterncountriesforhighereducationperformexcellentlydespitehavingtofollowWesterncurricula,【A13】______WesternstudentsusuallyfinditdifficulttocopewithChina’steachingmethods.MediareportssaytheBBCwilluseathirdpartytoassesshowcompetentstudentstravelingeitherwayareinmathematics,science,EnglishandChinesebeforedeterminingwhicheducationmodelismoreusefulforstudents,theChinese【A14】______theWestern.Butsuchcomparisonand【A15】______areunscientific.Acountryusesateachingmethodonlyasatoolusedtorealizeaspecificsocialpurpose,andthuscomparisons【A16】______theChineseandWesterneducationmodelsareuncalledfor.Beforecomparingoneeducationmodelwith【A17】______,researchersandanalystsshouldconsiderthedifferentfunctionsdifferentteachingmethodsaresupposedtoperformintheirrespectivesocialcontext.China’seducationmodelismoresuitedtoitssocialdemands;thesameappliestotheWesternmodel.DespitetheChinesegovernment【A18】______thecultivationofcreativetalents,manyChinesestillwantpeopletobeobedienttotheirparents,teachersandseniorofficials.Asaresult,China’seducationmodelcontinuestofocusonthesanctity（尊严）oftextsandrules.InChina,studentsareexpectedtobeobservantbut【A19】______.ButtheWesternmodelfocusesoncultivatingstudents’creativity,andencouragesthemtocriticize【A20】______viewsanddefendtheirstance.Assuch,boththeChineseandWesterneducationmodelshavesucceededindevelopingthequalitiesinstudentsthatsuittheirsocialdemands.Therefore,theaimofacomparativestudyofChineseandWesterneducationmodelsshouldbetopromotemutualreferenceandcombinethetwointoanorganicwholethatwouldbenefitbothteachingmethods.
复合题According to the passage, which of the following is true?
复合题Why did the blind man climb the tower?
复合题The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads. For all the fuss made about top speeds, cornering ability and acceleration, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. This seems to be one of the few areas where the benefit of sharing personal information comes straight back to the sharer: because these apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it. The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them. This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope; they will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organisation can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed. Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. Last week, one operated by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. This was the first recorded death involving a car which was supposed to be fully autonomous. Experts have said that it suggests a catastrophic failure of technology. Increasingly, even Silicon Valley has to acknowledge the costs of the intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterises its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
复合题H. No, thanks!Alice: Hi, Sam! It's nice to see you here. Sam: Hi, Alice!Alice: 56______Sam: To my dorm. Alice: Great! Could you take this book to Peter?Sam: 57______ Does Peter know what it is for?Alice: Yes. 58______Sam: 59______ Are you well prepared for it?Alice: 60______ See you tomorrow !Sam: See you !
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复合题Translate the following Chinese terms or phrases into English.
复合题HowMarconiGaveUstheWirelessWorldA)AhundredyearsbeforeiconicfigureslikeBillGatesandSteveJobspermeatedourlives,anIrish-Italianinventorlaidthefoundationofthecommunicationexplosionofthe21stcentury.GuglielmoMarconiwasarguablythefirsttrulyglobalfigureinmoderncommunication.Notonlywashethefirsttocommunicateglobally,hewasthefirsttothinkgloballyaboutcommunication.Marconimaynothavebeenthegreatestinventorofhistime,butmorethananyoneelse,hebroughtaboutafundamentalshiftinthewaywecommunicate.B)Today’sgloballynetworkedmediaandcommunicationsystemhasitsoriginsinthe19thcentury,when,forthefirsttime,messagesweresentelectronicallyacrossgreatdistances.Thetelegraph,thetelephone,andradioweretheobviouspredecessorsoftheInternet,iPods,andmobilephones.Whatmadethelinkfromthentonowwasthedevelopmentofwirelesscommunication.Marconiwasthefirsttodevelopandperfectthissystem,usingtherecently-discoveredairwavesthatmakeuptheelectromagneticspectrum.C)Between1896,whenheappliedforhisfirstpatentinEnglandattheageof22,andhisdeathinItalyin1937,Marconiwasatthecenterofeverymajorinnovationinelectroniccommunication.Hewasalsoaskilledandsophisticatedorganizer,anentrepreneurialinnovator,whomasteredtheuseofcorporatestrategy,mediarelations,governmentlobbying,internationaldiplomacy,patents,andprosecution.Marconiwasreallyinterestedinonlyonething:theextensionofmobile,personal,long-distancecommunicationtotheendsoftheearth(andbeyond,ifwecanbelievesomereports).Someliketorefertohimasagenius,butiftherewasanygeniustoMarconiitwasthisvision.D)In1901hesucceededinsignalingacrosstheAtlantic,fromthewestcoastofEnglandtoNewfoundlandintheUSA,despitetheclaimsofsciencethatitcouldnotbedone.In1924heconvincedtheBritishgovernmenttoencircletheworldwithachainofwirelessstationsusingthelatesttechnologythathehaddevised,shortwaveradio.TherearesomewhosayMarconilosthisedgewhencommercialbroadcastingcamealong;hedidn’tseethatradiocouldorshouldbeusedtofrivolous(无聊的)ends.Inoneofhislastpublicspeeches,aradiobroadcasttotheUnitedStatesinMarch1937,hedeploredthatbroadcastinghadbecomeaone-waymeansofcommunicationandforesawitmovinginanotherdirection,towardcommunicationasameansofexchange.Thatwasvisionarygenius.E)Marconi’scareerwasdevotedtomakingwirelesscommunicationhappencheaply,efficiently,smoothly,andwithanelegancethatwouldappeartobeintuitiveanduncomplicatedtotheuser—user-friendly,ifyouwill.ThereisadirectconnectionfromMarconitotoday’ssocialmedia,searchengines,andprogramstreamingthatcanbestbesummedupbyanadmittedlyprovocativeexclamation:the20thcenturydidnotexist.Inasense,Marconi’svisionjumpedfromhistimetoourown.F)Marconiinventedtheideaofglobalcommunication—or,morestraightforwardly,globallynetworked,mobile,wirelesscommunication.Initially,thiswaswirelessMorsecodetelegraphy(电报通讯),theprincipalcommunicationtechnologyofhisday.Marconiwasthefirsttodevelopapracticalmethodforwirelesstelegraphyusingradiowaves.Heborrowedtechnicaldetailsfrommanysources,butwhatsethimapartwasaself-confidentvisionofthepowerofcommunicationtechnologyontheonehand,and,ontheother,ofthestepsthatneededtobetakentoconsolidatehisownpositionasaplayerinthatfield.TracingMarconi’slifelineleadsusintothestoryofmoderncommunicationitself.Therewereotherimportantfigures,butMarconitoweredoverthemallinreach,power,andinfluence,aswellasinthegriphehadonthepopularimaginationofhistime.Marconiwasquitesimplythecentralfigureintheemergenceofamodernunderstandingofcommunication.G)Inhislifetime,Marconiforesawthedevelopmentoftelevisionandthefaxmachine,GPS,radar,andtheportablehand-heldtelephone.Twomonthsbeforehedied,newspaperswerereportingthathewasworkingonadeathray,andthathehadkilledaratwithanintricatedeviceatadistanceofthreefeet.Bythen,anythingMarconisaidordidwasnewsworthy.Stockpricesroseorsankaccordingtohispronouncements.IfMarconisaidhethoughtitmightrain,therewaslikelytobearunonumbrellas.H)Marconi’sbiographyisalsoastoryaboutchoicesandthemotivationsbehindthem.Atonelevel,Marconicouldbefiercelyautonomousandindependentoftheconstraintsofhisownsocialclass.Onanotherscale,hewasaperpetualoutsider.Whereverhewent,hewasneverofthegroup;hewasalwaystheother,consideredforeigninBritain,BritishinItaly,andnotAmericanintheUnitedStates.Atthesametime,healsosufferedtremendouslyfromaneedforacceptancethatdrove,andsometimesstained,everyoneofhisrelationships.I)Marconiplacedapermanentstamponthewaywelive.Hewasthefirstpersontoimagineapracticalapplicationforthewirelessspectrum,andtodevelopitsuccessfullyintoaglobalcommunicationsysteminbothtermsoftheword;thatis,worldwideandall-inclusive.Hewasabletodothisbecauseofacombinationoffactorsmostimportant,timingandopportunity—butthesingle-mindednessanddeterminationwithwhichhecarriedouthisself-imposedmissionwasfundamentallycharacter-based;millionsofMarconi’scontemporarieshadthesameclass,gender,race,andcolonialprivilegeashe,butonlyahandfuldidanythingwithit.Marconineededtoachievethegoalthatwassetinhismindasanadolescent;bythetimehereachedadulthood,heunderstood,intuitively,thatinordertohaveanimpacthehadtobothdevelopanindependenteconomicbaseandalignhimselfwithpoliticalpower.Disciplined,uncriticalloyaltytopoliticalpowerbecamehiscompassforthechoiceshehadtomake.J)Atthesametime,Marconiwasuncompromisinglyindependentintellectually.ShortlyafterMarconi’sdeath,thenuclearphysicistEnricoFermi—soontobethedeveloperoftheManhattanProject—wrotethatMarconiprovedthattheoryandexperimentationwerecomplementaryfeaturesofprogress.Experiencecanrarely,unlessguidedbyatheoreticalconcept,arriveatresultsofanygreatsignificance…ontheotherhand,anexcessivetrustintheoreticalconvictionwouldhavepreventedMarconifrompersistinginexperimentswhichweredestinedtobringaboutarevolutioninthetechniqueofradio-communications.Inotherwords,Marconihadtheadvantageofnotbeingburdenedbypreconceivedassumptions.K)ThemostcontroversialaspectofMarconi’slife—andthereasonwhytherehasbeennosatisfyingbiographyofMarconiuntilnow—washisuncriticalembraceofBenitoMussolini.Atfirstthiswasnotproblematicforhim.Butastheregressive(倒退的)natureofMussolini’sregimebecameclear,hebegantosufferacrisisofconscience.However,afteralifetimeofmovingwithinthecirclesofpower,hewasunabletobreakwithauthority,andservedMussolinifaithfully(aspresidentofItaly’snationalresearchcouncilandroyalacademy,aswellasamemberoftheFascistGrandCouncil)untilthedayhedied—conveniently—in1937,shortlybeforehewouldhavehadtotakeastandintheconflictthatconsumedaworldthathehad,inpart,created.
复合题 What might be the best title of the passage?
复合题Early colonists in North America usually________ Puritan ideas in their children.
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复合题What Are the Ethics of CGI Actors And Will They Replace Real Ones?A) Digital humans are coming to a screen near you. As computer-generated imagery (CGI) has become cheaper and more sophisticated, the film industry can now convincingly recreate people on screen— even actors who have been dead for decades. The technology’s ability to effectively keep celebrities alive beyond the grave is raising questions about public legacies and image rights.B) Late in 2019, it was announced that US actor James Dean, who died in 1955, will star in a Vietnam War film scheduled for release later this year. In the film, which will be called Finding Jack, Dean will be recreated on screen with CGI based on old footage (影片镜头) and photographs, with another actor voicing him. The news was met with excitement by those keen to see Dean digitally brought back to life for only his fourth film, but it also drew sharp criticism. This is puppeteering the dead for their fame alone, actress Zelda Williams wrote on Twitter. It sets such an awful precedent for the future of performance. Her father, Robin Williams, who died in 2014, was keen to avoid the same fate. Before his death, he filed a deed protecting the use of his image until 2039, preventing others from recreating him using CGI to appear in a film, TV show or as a hologram (全息影像).C) The James Dean film is a way to keep the actor’s image relevant for younger generations, says Mark Roesler of CMG Worldwide, the firm that represents Dean’s estate. I think this is the beginning of an entire wave, says Travis Cloyd, CEO of Worldwide XR, one of the companies behind the digital recreation of Dean. Moving into the future, we want James Dean to be brought into different gaming environments, or different virtual reality environments, or augmented reality environments, he says.D) Other actors have been revived, with the permission of their estates, for advertising purposes: for example, a 2011 advertisement for Dior featured contemporary actress Charlize Theron alongside iconic 20th-century stars Marilyn Monroe, Grace Kelly and Marlene Dietrich. Later, Audrey Hepburn was digitally recreated for a chocolate commercial in 2013. In the same year, a CGI Bruce Lee appeared in a Chinese-language ad for a whisky brand, which offended many fans because Lee was widely known not to drink alcohol at all. In the last five years, it’s become more affordable and more achievable in a whole movie, says Tim Webber at UK visual effects firm Framestore, the company behind the Hepburn chocolate ad. Framestore used body doubles with resemblance to Hepburn’s facial structure and body shape as a framework for manual animation. The process was extremely difficult and expensive, says Webber, but the technology has moved on.E) Now, a person can be animated from scratch. If they’re alive today, you can put them in scanning rigs, you can get every detail of their body analysed very carefully and that makes it much easier, whereas working from available photographs is tricky, says Webber, who won an Academy Award for his visual effects work on the 2013 film Gravity. I also see a lot of actors today who will have the desire to take advantage of this technology: to have their likeness captured and stored for future content, says Cloyd. They foresee this being something that could give their estates and give their families the ability to make money from their likeness when they’re gone.F) A hidden hazard of digitally recreating a deceased (已故的) celebrity is the risk of damaging their legacy. We have to respect the security and the integrity of rights holders, says John Canning at Digital Domain, a US firm that created a hologram rapper (说唱艺人) Tupac Shakur, which appeared at the Coachella music festival in 2012, 15 years after his death.G) Legally, a person’s rights to control the commercial use of their name and image beyond their death differ between and even within countries. In certain US states, for example, these rights are treated similarly to property rights, and are transferable to a person’s heirs. In California, under the Celebrities Rights Act, the personality rights for a celebrity last for 70 years after their death. We’ve got a societal debate going on about access to our public commons, as it were, about famous faces, says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University, UK. Should the public be allowed to use or reproduce images of famous people, given how iconic they are? And what is in the best interest of a deceased person’s legacy may conflict with the desires of their family or the public, says Edwards.H) A recreation, however lifelike, will never be indistinguishable from a real actor, says Webber. When we are bringing someone back, representing someone who is no longer alive on the screen, what we are doing is extremely sophisticated digital make-up, he says. A performance is a lot more than a physical resemblance.I) As it becomes easier to digitally recreate celebrities and to entirely manufacture on-screen identities, could this kind of technology put actors out of jobs? I think actors are worried about this, says Edwards. But I think it will take a very long time. This is partly because of the risk that viewers find virtual humans scary. Edwards cites widespread backlash to the digital recreation of Carrie Fisher as a young Princess Leia in Rogue One, a trick later repeated in the recent Star Wars. The Rise of Skywalker, which was filmed after Fisher’s death in 2016. People didn’t like it, she says. They discovered the uncanny valley (诡异谷).J) This refers to the idea that when objects trying to resemble humans aren’t quite perfect, they can make viewers feel uneasy because they fall somewhere between obviously non-human and fully human. That’s always a danger when you’re doing anything human or human-like, says Webber. There’re a thousand things that could go wrong with a computer-generated facial performance, and any one of those could make it fall into the uncanny valley, he says. Your brain just knows there’s something wrong. The problem often arises around the eyes or mouth, says Webber. They’re the areas that you look at when you’re talking to someone.K) An unfamiliar digital human that has been created through CGI will also face the same challenge as an unknown actor: they don’t have the appeal of an established name. You have to spend substantial capital in creating awareness around their likeness and making sure people are familiar with who they are, says Cloyd. This is now starting to happen. The way you pre-sell a movie in a foreign market is based on relevant talent, he says. I think we’re a long way away from having virtual beings that have the ability to pre-sell content.L) Webber expects that we will see more digital humans on screen. It’s happening because it can happen, he says. Referring to a line from Jurassic Park (侏罗纪公园), he adds: People are too busy thinking about what they can do to think about whether they should do it.