单选题Sodium (钠) is a key component of salt. Eating too much of it can 27 to high blood pressure, a major risk for most people as they age because it can lead to heart disease and other health problems. But cutting sodium from the diet is difficult, mainly because people often don't know it's there. More than three-quarters of the sodium people 28 comes from processed and restaurant foods. And much of the sodium we eat is in foods that don't 29 taste salty, like packaged bread and chicken dishes. Salt is the latest front in the battle to get Americans to eat a healthier diet. 30 efforts have focused on cutting down on sugar, to fight against obesity, and reducing fat, for a healthier heart. After four decades of unsuccessfully 31 Americans to cut salt in their diets only to see them eat more of it, government officials are intensifying their efforts. An advisory committee working on new US Dietary Guidelines, due to be released later this year by the federal government, recently recommended that all adults restrict their 32 of sodium to no more than 1500 milligrams a day, 33 to about two-thirds of a teaspoon of table salt, down from a current limit of 2300 milligrams for some people. The best way to reduce salt is to cut back on processed and restaurant foods, eat fresh produce, and reduce portion sizes. Nutritionists 34 eating whole grain instead of bread—a single slice of packaged bread can contain 150 milligrams to 200 milligrams or more of sodium. Cut back gradually, so your palate (味觉) adjusts to a less salty taste. When you do buy artifactitious (人工制品的) foods, look for 35 with less than 300 milligrams of sodium per serving, or no more than one milligram of sodium per calorie of food, advised the Harvard School of Public Health, which has on its website 25 sodium-reduction 36 developed with the Culinary Institute of America. A. attribute B. consume C. contribute D. equivalent E. incidentally F. intake G. items H. necessarily I. output J. persuading K. Previous L. recommend M. Special N. steps O. strategies

单选题Millions of people in the United States suffer from ______ back pain that comes from sitting too long at a desk. A. chronic B. casual C. catastrophic D. elastic

单选题At present, China has signed many ______ trade agreements with other countries.

单选题Bill: Hello, Kate. Kate: Hello, Bill,______. Bill: I'm going to do some shopping in the town. Kate: I'm going to catch a train. I'm waiting for a bus.

单选题 Credit Scores and Reports A. We apply for credit for many reasons—maybe it's to buy a new car, house, computer, or get a student loan. However, that there is a special number that can determine whether you can do these things, or at least how much it will cost you. A credit score is a number that is calculated based on your credit history to give lenders a simpler 'lend/don't lend' answer for people who are applying for credit or loans. This number helps the lender identify the level of risk they may be taking if they lend to someone. The credit score is quicker and less subjective. It's the credit score that makes it possible to get instant credit at places like electronics stores and department stores. B. Although there are several scoring methods, the method most commonly used by lenders is known as a FICO because of its origins with Fair Isaac Corporation. Fair Isaac is an independent company that came up with the scoring method and software used by banks and lenders, insurers and other businesses. Each of the three major credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax and TransUnion) worked with Fair Isaac in the early 1980's to come up with the scoring method. C. The three national credit bureaus each have their own version of the FICO score with their own names. Equifax has the Beacon system, TransUnion has the Empirica system, and Experian has the Experian/Fair Isaac system. Each is based on the original Fair Isaac FICO scoring method and produces equivalent numerical results for any given credit report. Some lenders also have their own scoring methods. Other scoring methods may include information such as your income or how long you've been at the same job. D. Think of your credit score, like your grade in school. A teacher calculates grades by taking scores from tests, homework, attendance and anything else they want to use, weighting each one according to importance in order to come up with a final single number (or letter) score. Your credit score is calculated in a very similar manner. Instead of using the scores from pop quizzes and reports you wrote, it uses the information in your credit report. E. 35 percent of the score is based on your payment history. This makes sense since one of the primary reasons a lender wants to see the score is to find out if (and how timely) you pay your bills. The score is affected by how many bills have been paid late, how many were sent out for collection, any bankruptcies, etc. When these things happened also comes into play. The more recent, the worse it will be for your overall score. F. 30 percent of the score is based on outstanding debt. How much do you owe on car or home loans? How many credit cards do you have that are at their credit limits? The more cards you have at their limits, the lower your score will be. The rule of thumb is to keep your card balances at 25% or less of their limits. G. 15 percent of the score is based on the length of time you've had credit. The longer you've had established credit, the better it is for your overall credit score. Why? Because more information about your past payment history gives a more accurate prediction of your future actions. H. 10 percent of the score is based on the number of inquiries on your report. If you've applied for a lot of credit cards or loans, you will have a lot of inquiries on your credit report. These are bad for your score because they indicate that you may be in some kind of financial trouble or may be taking on a lot of debt (even if you haven't used the cards or gotten the loans). The more recent these inquiries are, the worse for your credit score. FICO scores only count inquiries from the past years. I. 10 percent of the score is based on the types of credit you currently have. The number of loans and available credit from credit cards you have makes a difference. There is no magic number or combination of types of accounts that you shouldn't have. These actually come more into play if there isn't as much other information on your credit report on which to base the score. This information is compared to the credit performance of other consumers with similar histories and profiles. J. Your credit score doesn't just affect whether or not you get a loan; it also affects how much that loan is going to cost you. As your credit score increases, your credit risk decreases. This means your interest rate decreases. There are other factors that influence the interest rate you get for a loan besides your credit score. Things like the type of property you are using the loan to buy, how much of your own money is going into it, the costs the lender has to make the loan, etc. K. In addition to banks and lenders, there are landlords, merchants, employers and insurance companies jumping on the credit score bandwagon (风靡的活动). Of all of these, the fact that insurance rates are being determined by credit scores is causing consumers the most alarm. To most, it seems that your credit history and your driving record have little in common. Insurers, on the other hand, have found that using credit scores to predict how likely someone is to pay premiums has helped them cut their losses. They don't use the same score that banks and lenders use, however. They use a slightly different formula for their calculations and actually call it an 'insurance score'. L. Credit scores aren't static numbers. Because they are calculated based on your current credit report, they change every time your credit report changes. While this change may be very slight, it can also be much more dramatic. Here are some things some financial advisers say to do to try to improve your score. M. Review your credit report and correct any errors you find. Getting rid of inaccurate information can sometimes improve your score dramatically. N. Advice used to be given to close old and unused credit card accounts in order to reduce your 'potential' available credit, which could change your debt ratio after you've been approved for a loan. Now, however, the ratio of your debt to your credit limit is more critical, so closing old accounts only raises that ratio—which you don't want to do. Some people have moved debt from several credit cards to one card and then closed the old accounts. Since creditors look at the debt-to-credit limit ratio, this can have a bad affect on your credit score because you have the same amount of debt but less available credit. So don't close old credit card accounts just because you're not using them. O. Creditors also now look at the average age of your accounts so, again, keep those old accounts. Reduce your balances on credit cards to 75% or less of your available credit (25% is preferable). Pay your bills on time. (This is probably the most important of all!) Don't let anyone make an inquiry on your credit report unless you absolutely have to. The more inquiries, the lower your score. Don't open new credit card accounts just to increase your available credit in the hopes of raising your score. Also, remember that some improvements—such as better efforts at making payments on time—may take time to impact your score. So, time is also a factor.

单选题 武则天，中国历史上唯一的一位女皇帝，于唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)690年称帝。虽然她很残暴，但是她对国家的统治还是比较成功的。她任人唯贤，完全不考虑其家庭地位。通过奖励积极发展农业的官员，惩罚对农民课征重税的官员，武则天极大地促进了农业的发展。中国的佛教(Buddhism)在她统治期间也发展到了顶峰。宋庆龄评价她为“封建时代(feudal period)杰出的女政治家”。

单选题It (soon) became (obviously) that (instead of) (being trained) to sing she would be trained as a dancer.

单选题EGG: CHICKEN

单选题(By no means) (it is) true that (all English people) know their (own) language.

单选题______ the students had to go to bedA. The lights had gone out B. The lights having gone outC. The lights went out D. The lights have gone out

单选题We were frightened by the ______ of the crowd.

单选题Many farms in the southern United States Uyield/U hay and tobacco.

单选题He has such a fierce dog______no one dares to go near his house.

单选题Most insulation devices of this kind, ______ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.

单选题The technology exists to complement and______ the human mind.

单选题Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ______. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out

单选题Ann never dreams of ______ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance

单选题 Ant Intelligence A. When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are apes and monkeys. But in fact the social lives of some members of the insect kingdom are sufficiently complex to suggest more than a hint of intelligence. Among these, the world of the ant has come in for considerable scrutiny lately, and the idea that ants demonstrate sparks of cognition has certainly not been rejected by those involved in these investigations. B. Ants store food, repel attackers and use chemical signals to contact one another in case of attack. Such chemical communication can be compared to the human use of visual and auditory channels (as in religious chants, advertising image sand jingles, political slogans and martial music) to arouse and propagate moods and attitudes. The biologist Lewis Thomas wrote, Ants are so much like human beings as to be an embarrassment. They farm fungi, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies to war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, capture slaves, engage in child labour, exchange information ceaselessly. They do everything but watch television. C. However, in ants there is no cultural transmission—everything must be encoded in the genes—whereas in humans the opposite is true. Only basic instincts are carried in the genes of a newborn baby, other skills being learned from others in the community as the child grows up. D. It may seem that this cultural continuity gives us a huge advantage over ants. They have never mastered fire nor progressed. Their fungus farming and aphid herding crafts are sophisticated when compared to the agricultural skills of humans five thousand years ago but have been totally overtaken by modern human agribusiness. E. Or have they? The fanning methods of ants are at least sustainable. They do not ruin environments or use enormous amounts of energy. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that the crop farming of ants may be more sophisticated and adaptable than was thought. F. Ants were farmers fifty million years before humans were. Ants can't digest the cellulose in leaves—but some fungi can. The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests, bringing them leaves to feed on, and then aphids (small insects of a different species from ants) use them as a source of food. Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as 'weeds', and spread waste to fertilise the crop. G. It was once thought that the fungus that ants cultivate was a single type that they had propagated, essentially unchanged from the distant past. Not so. Ulrich Mueller of Maryland and his colleagues genetically screened 862 different types of fungi taken from ants' nests. These turned out to be highly diverse: it seems that ants are continually domesticating new species. Even more impressively, DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies. H. Whereas prehistoric man had no exposure to urban lifestyles—the forcing house of intelligence—the evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining underground cities of specialised chambers and tunnels. I. When we survey Mexico City, Tokyo, Los Angeles, we are amazed at what has been accomplished by humans. Yet Hoelldoblerand Wilson's magnificent work for ant lovers, The Ants, describes a super colony of the ant Formica yessensis on the Ishikari Coast of Hokkaido. This 'megalopolis' was reported to be composed of 360 million workers and a million queens living in 4,500 interconnected nests across a territory of 2.7 square kilometres. J. Such enduring and intricately meshed levels of technical achievement outstrip by far anything achieved by our distant ancestors. We hail as masterpieces the cave paintings in southern France and elsewhere, dating back some 20,000 years. Ant societies existed in something like their present form more than seventy million years ago. Beside this, prehistoric man looks technologically primitive. Is this then some kind of intelligence, albeit of a different kind? K. Research conducted at Oxford, Sussex and Zurich Universities has shown that when desert ants return from a foraging trip, they navigate by integrating bearings and distances, which they continuously update in their heads. They combine the evidence of visual landmarks with a mental library of local directions, all within a framework which is consulted and updated. So ants can learn, too. L. And in a twelve-year programme of work, Ryabko and Reznikova have found evidence that ants can transmit very complex messages. Scouts who had located food in amaze returned to mobilise their foraging teams. They engaged in contact sessions, at the end of which the scout was removed in order to observe what her team might do. Often the foragers proceeded to the exact spot in the maze where the food had been. Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues. M. Discussion now centres on whether the route through the maze is communicated as a 'left-right' sequence of turns or as a 'compass bearing and distance' message. N. During the course of this exhaustive study, Reznikova has grown so attached to her laboratory ants that she feels she knows them as individuals—even without the paint spots used to mark them. It's no surprise that Edward Wilson, in his essay, 'In the company of ants', advises readers who ask what to do with the ants in their kitchen to: 'Watch where you step. Be careful of little lives.'

单选题She ______ maintained that her grandsons were innocent, and nothing could dissuade her from that belief.