阅读理解According to the instructions, which of the following is TRUE?

阅读理解Passage OneStudents enrolled at least half time may borrow up to $3，000 form the government over a two-year period

阅读理解Passage 4 Habit is a second nature! Habit is ten times nature,the Duke of Wellington is said to have exclaimed; and the degree to which this is true no one probably can appreciate as well as one who is a veteran soldier himself

阅读理解In a world where bad news has become everyday news, people are turning to an ancient technique to deal with stress: meditation. At meditation centers, prayer groups and yoga studios around the United States, more and more are finding peace of mind by being quiet: Some use meditation to help deal with life changes; others, to process the painful reality of political and social unrest around the world of the type that has been experienced more recently. Stress from the September 11 terrorist attacks is "probably about 70 percent" of the reason one Chicago man started meditating and practicing yoga with his new wife. He became so emotionally affected that he realized he needed help in managing his stress. The yoga classes he takes begin and end with meditation. This "quiet time" helps him feel a lot more relaxed and gives him more breath control. The fact is,though ,that he is not alone. 　　Across the country, many are turning to more meditative exercise as they seek both psychological and physiological relief. In addition to helping people work out their stress, these classes bring people together, in the same way that religious services or other community activities have done in the past. Different schools of meditation teach particular techniques, but they share a common basis―focusing attention on something your mind can return to if you are distracted. This may be the rhythm of breathing, an object such as a candle flame loving kindness, or a repetitive movement, as in walking or t''ai chi (taiji). Regardless of the specific technique or mode that is followed, meditation has well-documented benefits. Medical research indicates that it causes a sharp decrease in metabolic activity, reduced muscle tension, slower breathing, and a shift from faster brainwaves to slower waves. It also reduces high blood pressure. Practitioners are convinced that meditation is good for health because it relaxes the body. 　　For ages, meditation has been a core practice of many groups meeting in their communal or religious centers. However, let''s not forget that this is the twenty-first century. So, for those people who are too shy or busy to go to the nearest meditation center, there are Internet sites that offer online guided meditation. One has a variety of meditations from various religious traditions. At another, Jesuit priests post meditations and readings from the Scriptures every day, and at still another, Buddhist and Hindu practitioners include music and visuals to accompany their offerings. These websites allow anyone with a computer access to meditation at any time. The fact is that whether online, at Yoga classes, or at local spiritual centers, more people are turning to the practice of meditation.

阅读理解What’s the main idea of the text?

阅读理解Laurie: It is encouraging to see that, whether out of sympathy for animals or a concern for their own health or both, people are starting to realize that it does not pay to eat too far up on the food chain

阅读理解Questions 24 to 27 are based on the following passage

阅读理解 Come July 29th, Windows 10—Microsoft's successor to its ho-hum Windows 8/8.1 operating system (OS)—will be roiled out to original-equipment manufacturers and certain privileged users. Giving Windows 10 away to qualified users—instead of charging the usual upgrade fee—will be a powerful incentive encouraging Windows users to embrace the latest version within the coming year. For Microsoft, Windows 10 comes not before time. While nowhere near the unmitigated disaster of Vista, Windows 8 has been a big disappointment for the company. Microsoft managed to alienate whole swathes of customers with Windows 8. The problem was not the underlying operating system, but the radically different interface users were forced to endure. This was built around a start-screen showing programs running in the background, which could be accessed by poking a finger at the appropriate 'live-tile' on a touch-sensitive screen. Microsoft made two blunders when designing this interface. First, it ignored the many lessons distilled from decades of users' experience with Windows. The firm's assumption was that touching objects on a screen was a more intuitive way of interacting with a computer than using a mouse and a keyboard. But it ignored the numerous tricks and shortcuts users had acquired over the years—and grown accustomed to expect-while mousing around a computer screen and clicking on icons to make things happen. The other mistake the company made was to imagine all platforms capable of running Windows 8. This sought to encourage sales by making it easier for people to move from one Windows appliance to another. All customers, whether for phone apps, video games or computer software, could then be serviced through the same Microsoft online store. To make this grand plan a reality, a touch-centric approach was deemed essential. Thus, the die was cast. Touch works fine with smart phones and tablets, which are grasped in one hand and poked with the other—mostly while the device is held flat. With the larger, vertical displays of laptops and desktop PCs, however, the touch-centric approach of Windows 8 proved a frustrating, arm-aching anathema. A chastened Microsoft has gone out of its way to show it has learned its lesson. One way it has done so is to skip what was to be the next iteration of the OS, and leapfrog directly from Windows 8.1 to Windows 10—as if to signal a break with the recent past and to herald a fresh start. As a final note, there will be no Windows 11 nor 12. Instead, critical updates, security patches and software additions will be made available to Windows 10 users, rather than being accumulated for some future 'service pack' or whole new release. Hopefully, as venerable and useful a workhorse as long-lived Windows XP.

阅读理解PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon’sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor’sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.【C1】Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman’sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,“TheScovellCiphers.”【C2】ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell’ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat【C3】hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman’sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovell’spapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.Irealizedatoncethatthiswaspriceless.【C4】TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.Furthermore,Scovell’sstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington’sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.【C5】JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.

阅读理解 An 'epidemicof poverty' in Britain is having a dramatic impact on the survival rates and health chances of children from poor families, an influential coalition will warn this week in a major report that casts doubt on government efforts to close the inequality gap. End Child Poverty, a network of children's charities, church groups, unions and think-tanks, claims that the gap between rich and poor represents a 'huge injustice' in British society and has become one of the major factors affecting child mortality rates. Its report, based on a wide-ranging analysis of government data, finds that children from poor families are at 10 times the risk of sudden infant death as children from better-off homes. And it reveals how babies from disadvantaged families are more likely to be born underweight less than children from the richest families. Poorer children are two-and-a-half times more likely to suffer chronic illness when toddlers and twice as likely to have cerebral palsy, according to the report, 'Health Consequences of Poverty for Children'. 'Poverty is now one of the greatest dangers faced by our children, ' said Nick Spencer, one of the report's authors and professor of child health at the University of Warwick. 'If poverty were an infection, we would be in the midst of a full-scale epidemic.' The report is likely to revive the debate on child poverty and focus attention on Labor's record when it comes to tackling social inequalities. In March 1999, the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, promised to eradicate child poverty 'within a generation'. This was later defined as a commitment to end child poverty by 2020, with a target of halving the number of children living in poverty by 2010/11. But while the current row over social inequality has tended to focus on education and benefits, the implications for health have been largely ignored. Now, however, the End Child Poverty report highlights how socio-economic factors affect the entire life of children born into poverty, from fontal development and early infancy through to teenage years and adulthood. The government claims it is closing the gap between rich and poor, but accepts that more needs to be done. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, said in June: 'Although we have already lifted hundreds of thousands of children out of poverty with new tax credits, more people in work and better public services, the latest figures show we have not made enough progress.'

阅读理解Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage

阅读理解 The problems of the elderly are attracting greater attention largely because the American population is growing steadily older as the proportion of its aged members increase. At the time of the first United States census in 1790, half of the people in the country were 16 or younger. By the turn of the present century the median age of the population had risen to 22.9 years; by 1970, it was 27.7 ; and by 1977 it had reached 28.9 ; the median age will reach 35 by the year 2000, and will approach 40 by the year 2030. In time the burden of the years affects even the healthiest individual. Aging is accompanied by physiological changes that are not necessarily the result of any disease: apart from the more obvious signs of age—such as baldness, wrinkling, changes in body form, and stiffness of limbs—there is a general process of atrophy of the cells and gradual degeneration. However, the rate of physiological aging varies greatly from one person to another. Some people show noticeable signs of aging as early as fifty. Others seem relatively young and vital at seventy, and may even continue to enjoy a vigorous sex life. In general, however, ill health becomes more common with advancing age. More than three quarters of those over sixty-five suffer from some chronic health condition. But ill health need not have only physiological causes; it can have social and psychological causes as well. People tend to follow social expectations to fill the roles that are offered to them. In a sense, all we offer the aged is a sick role—the role of the infirm person who has outlived his or her usefulness to society. An urbanized, industrialized society such as the United States is oriented toward youth, mobility, and activity. It does little to integrate the old into the social structure. Unlike the elders in a traditional society, the American aged can no longer lay automatic claim on their kin for support and social participation; on the contrary, they are more likely to have to try not to be a 'nuisance' to their now independent adult offspring. Nor are they regarded as the wisest members of the community as the elders in a traditional society would be; instead, any advice they give is likely to be considered irrelevant in a changing world about which their descendants consider themselves much better informed. In America, childhood is romanticised, youth is idolised, middle age does the work, wields the power and pays the bills, and old age gets little or nothing for what it has already done. For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy, a period of quiet despair, deprivation, desolation and muted rage. The tragedy of old age is not that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily painful, humiliating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance, and poverty.

阅读理解Passage 2 We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness

阅读理解Passage Three History is written by the victors

阅读理解To relieve your stress, you are encouraged to________.

阅读理解Tenure, the practice of assuring professors (1) continuation in their positions (2) they have passed successfully through a probationary period and provided they are not later found seriously deficient (3) a carefully specified procedure, is an important protection of academic freedom. (4) academic freedom of untenured professors, and of students is not formally protected, (5) of equal concern in academic (6) . Until the student movements of the 1960s, the United States lagged in (7) student academic (8) ; statements on student academic freedom (9) been issued by the AAUP and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). The U. S. Supreme Court has given legal (10) to academic freedom claims as falling (11) , the First Amendment in decisions such (12) Sweezy v. New Hampshire (1957) and Perry v. Sinderman (1972). (13) such actions, challenges (14) academic freedom regularly occur and have become acute (15) critical stages in U.S. history. Following World War Ⅱ, (16) example, the credentials of academics suspected of Communist-party affiliation were often questioned, and teachers were dismissed as actual or (17) Communists. In the late 1980s some American colleges and universities tried to prevent speech offensive to minority groups. (18) endorsing efforts to discourage such speech, (19) both faculty and students, the courts ruled explicit speech codes designed to enforce political correctness unconstitutional as (20) the First Amendment, and the ACLU condemned the codes as undermining academic freedom. The codes were abandoned by the end of 1993.

阅读理解Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage twoThey’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “ingeneration”.“The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘I’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-school teenagers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.”They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.”Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly.“The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says.“We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.”

阅读理解Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Passage 3 It can be really frustrating(使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and workout with a positive attitude