阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage TwoThere is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work. There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin- making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not he1p you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.

阅读理解What was the biggest change in the tortoises in Paragraph 6?

阅读理解Questions 61 to 70 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors—or of people very different from our own—can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than that can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros—as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines—depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的） belief that statues are unholy (不神圣的）.

阅读理解Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units.For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. Theanthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind offood that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. Shedistinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail partiesfor acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example,only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers.The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundariesbetween those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those whocome to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and withwhom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men taketheir meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat theirfood in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat withtheir children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, likethat of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders,marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their newstatus as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on afirst date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, membersof a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemicancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eatingthat ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extremeform in the caste system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a differenteconomic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution.Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions,particularly saliva, of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmansand other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not evenaccept food from an individual or from a low-ranking caste.

阅读理解Text 2 Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age

阅读理解Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing

阅读理解Passage B Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures

阅读理解 Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars—the kind that test patriotism and courage—and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it. Now there is a similar challenge—global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is figting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's green-house gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy. The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken America's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like—one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound? Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-time profit with long-range objective and blends pragmatism with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. 'I'm not saying the challenge isn't almnost overwhelming,' says Fred Krupp. 'But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.'

阅读理解[A]Besilly　　[B]Havefun　　[C]Askforhelp　　[D]Expressyouremotions.　　[E]Dontoverthinkit　　[F]Beeasilypleased　　[G]Noticethings　　ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge.(1)Asadults,itseemsthatwereconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydontneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctivelyandusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsitstimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.41_____　　　　(2)Whatdoesachilddowhenhessad?Hecries.Whenhesangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddontdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.Thatsaboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatwefeelappropriatelyandthen-again,likechildren-moveon.42______　　　　AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowas9yearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldntbiggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshavelittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.43_______　　　　Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeverhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.44______　　　　Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthattheresanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesanditsimportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingwelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)-itdoesntmatter,solongastheyreenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyoureonatightbudget.45______　　Havingsaidalloftheabove,itsimportanttoaddthatweshouldnttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid:Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness.Andinthat,oncemore,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive.

阅读理解By and large, then, society demands that these harmful physical practices be controlled insofar as it can be done humanely

阅读理解 If you want to know why Denmark is the world' s leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You'll feel it as you cross the 6.8 km-long Great Belt Bridge: Denmark's bountiful wind, so fierce. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the size of aircraft hangars build the wind turbines. Most impressive are the turbine's blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution. But technology, like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmark's dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader—and to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price—thus guaranteeing investors a customer base. As a result, wind turbines now dot Denmark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze and Danish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up. With Copenhagen set to host all-important U.N. climate change talks in December—where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol, Denmark's example couldn't be more timely. 'We'll try to make Denmark a showroom,' says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen. 'You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, and achieve economic growth.' It' s tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, but the country's policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmark's energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation. Eventually the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient. But Denmark never forgot the lessons of 1973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply. To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. 'Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience, not just painful.' says NRDC's Schmidt.

阅读理解 This issue of Science contains announcements for more than 100 different Gorgon Research Conferences, on topics that range from atomic physics to developmental biology. The brainchild(某人的主意) of Nell Gordon of Johns Hopkins University, these week-long meetings are designed to promote intimate, informal discussions of frontier science. Often confined to fewer than 125 attendees, they have traditionally been held in remote places with minimal distractions. Beginning in the early 1960s, I attended the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference in rural New Hampshire, sharing austere (简朴的) dorm facilities in a private boy's school with randomly assigned roommates. As a beginning scientist, I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating, providing valuable insights into the personalities and ways of thinking of many senior scientists whom I had not encountered previously. Back then, there were no cell-phones and no Internet, and all of the speakers seemed to stay for the entire week. During the long, session-free afternoons, graduate students mingled freely with professors. Many lifelong friendships were begun, and—as Gordon intended—new scientific collaborations began. Leap forward to today, and every scientist can gain immediate access to a vast store of scientific thought and to millions of other scientists via the Internet. Why, nevertheless, de in-person scientific meetings remain so valuable for a life in science? Part of the answer is that science works best when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators, which is hard to develop from a distance. But most important is the critical role that face-to-face scientific meetings play in stimulating a random collision of ideas and approaches. The best science occurs when someone combines the knowledge gained by other scientists in non-obvious ways to create a new understanding of how the world works. A successful scientist needs to deeply believe, whatever the problem being tackled, that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken. The scientist is then constantly on the alert for new paths to take in his or her work, which is essential for making breakthroughs. Thus, as much as possible, scientific meetings should be designed to expose the attendees to ways of thinking and techniques that are different from the ones that they already know.

阅读理解Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat

阅读理解No matter what their specific forms, families in all known societies have performed major social functions production, maintenance, socialization, and social placement of the young

阅读理解Passage 3 Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality, and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool

阅读理解Send for a doctor quickly. The old man (die) ______.

阅读理解Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Human needs seem endless

阅读理解Passage Four Online dating has just been revealed to be one of the most common ways to start a relationship