填空题Health and safety officers will investigate the site and______(preparation) a report.

填空题Examples and rumours abound of companies being burgled by cyberfrauds, cyberspooks or cyber-mischief-makers. On June 26th America"s Federal Trade Commission sued Wyndham Worldwide, a hotel group, alleging that security failures at the company in 2008 and 2009 had led to the export of hundreds of thousands of guests" payment-card account numbers to a domain registered in Russia. The FTC says "millions of dollars" were lost to fraud. Wyndham says it knows of no customers who lost money and that the FTC"s claims are "without merit". Working out the cost of cybercrime is a devil of a job. The FTC and Wyndham are poles apart on their estimates of the effect of the credit-card thefts. Companies say they are under constant cyber-attack in ever more ingenious forms, but they are loth to say in public how often the raiders get through and how much damage they do—assuming that the breach is spotted. That suggests the damage is underreported. When they are speaking to the security services they may be more forthcoming, but will they be accurate? Companies might anyway have lost some of the business written off to cybercrime. In that case, Mr. Evans"s ￡800 million would be on the high side. In a report by Britain"s Cabinet Office last year, Detica, the software arm of BAE Systems, a defence company, put the cost of cybercrime to the country at a staggering ￡27 billion, or 1.8% of GDP. Businesses bore ￡21 billion, mostly because of the theft of secrets and industrial espionage. Lots of people doubted these numbers—including, it seems, the Ministry of Defence, which commissioned a study from a team led by Ross Anderson, a computer-security expert at Cambridge University. The team"s report, published this month, shies away from adding up totals, preferring to assess the costs of different types of crime in turn, but comes up with much lower figures—partly because it discounts Detica"s numbers for intellectual-property theft and espionage entirely, saying they have "no obvious foundation". Most of the cost of cybercrime, it concludes, is indirect, such as spending on antivirus software or other corporate defences. In other words, a lot goes on payments by one lot of businesses to another: the computer-security industry. That may be inevitable. Cyber-attacks are happening more often and are becoming more precisely targeted. Greg Day, the chief technology officer for security in the European business of Symantec, a computer-security firm, says that for years cybercrime was more or less "random", as crooks looked for any holes they could find anywhere. In the past couple of years, however, they have chosen their corporate targets more precisely. Symantec observed virtually no targeted attacks before Stuxnet, a worm that attacked industrial-control systems, appeared in 2010. Last December it spotted an average of 154 a day. The bad guys are increasingly using social media to try to find a way in, either by gathering intelligence or by befriending employees who may be tricked into opening an e-mail with nasty code within. People, a security-industry adage runs, are the weakest link. Training them to be careful may still be the best defence. A. acquired by the computer-security industry. B. speaking in public how much damage the cybercrime does. C. estimation of the effect of the credit-card thefts. D. letting out the clients" payment-card account numbers. E. Britain has invested a lot of money to prevent cybercrime. F. spent on antivirus software or other corporate defences diretly. G. cybercrime is more purposeful than before.

填空题Fired: How long have you been in the army? Nancy: ______

填空题[A] From the beginning of the 20th century, people abroad have been uncomfortable with the global impact of American culture. More recently, globalization has been the main enemy for academics, journalists, and political activists who loathe what they see as the trend toward cultural uniformity. Still, they usually regard global culture and American culture as synonymous. And they continue to insist that Hollywood, McDonald"s and Disneyland are eradicating regional and local eccentricities.[B] Despite those allegations, the cultural relationship between the United States, and the rest of the world over the past 100 years has never been one-sided. On the contrary, the United States was, and continues to be, as much a consumer of foreign intellectual and artistic influences as it has been a shaper of the world"s entertainment and tastes.Section A[C]In fact, as a nation of immigrants from the 19th to 21st century, the United States has been a recipient as much as an exporter of global culture. Indeed, the influence of immigrants on the United States explains why its culture has been so popular for so long in so many places. American culture has spread throughout the world because it has incorporated foreign styles and ideas. What Americans have done more brilliantly than their competitors overseas is repackage the cultural products we receive from abroad and then retransmit them to the rest of the planet. That is why a global mass culture has come to be identified, however simplistically, with the United States.[D] Americans, after all, did not invent fast food, amusement parks, or the movies. Before the Big Mac, there were fish and chips. Before Disneyland, there was Copenhagen"s Tivoli Gardens (which Walt Disney used as a prototype for his first theme park in Anaheim, California a model later re-exported to Tokyo and Paris). And in the first two decades of the 20th century the two largest exporters of movies around the world were France and Italy.Section B[E]So, the origins of today"s international entertainment cannot be traced only to P. T. Barnum"s circuses or Buffalo Bill"s Wild West Show. The roots of the new global culture lie as well in the European modernist assault, in the early 20th century, on 19th-century literature, music, painting, and architecture—particularly in the modernist refusal to honor the traditional boundaries between high and low culture. Modernism in the arts was improvisational, eclectic, and irreverent. Those traits have also been characteristic of American popular culture.[F]The artists of the early 20th century also challenged the notion that culture was a means of intellectual or moral improvement. They did so by emphasizing style and craftsmanship at the expense of philosophy, religion, or ideology. They deliberately called attention to language in their novels, to optics in their paintings, to the materials in and function of their architecture, to the structure of music instead of its melodies.[G] Although modernism was mainly a European affair, it inadvertently accelerated the growth of mass culture in the U. S. Surrealism, with its dreamlike associations, easily lent itself to the wordplay and psychological symbolism of advertising, cartoons, and theme parks. Dadaism ridiculed the snobbery of elite cultural institutions and reinforced an already-existing appetite (especially among the immigrant audiences in the United States) for " low-class," disreputable nickelodeons and vaudeville shows. Stravinsky"s experiments with unorthodox, atonal music validated the rhythmic innovations of American jazz. Modernism provided the foundations for a genuinely new culture. But the new culture turned out to be neither modernist nor European. Instead, American artists transformed an avant-garde Project into a global phenomenon.Section C[H] It is in popular culture that the reciprocal relationship between America and the rest of the world can best be seen. There are many reasons for the ascendancy of American mass culture. Certainly , the ability of American-based media conglomerates to control the production and distribution of their products has been a major stimulus for the worldwide spread of American entertainment. But the power of American capitalism is not the only, or even the most important, explanation for the global popularity of America"s movies and television shows.[I] The effectiveness of English as a language of mass communications has been essential to the acceptance of American culture: Unlike German, Russian, or Chinese, the simpler structure and grammar of English, along with its tendency to use shorter, less abstract words and more concise sentences, are all advantageous for the composers of song lyrics, ad slogans, cartoon captions, newspaper headlines, and movie and TV dialogue. English is thus a language exceptionally well suited to the demands and spreed of American mass culture.[J]Another factor is the international complexion of the American audience. The heterogeneity of America"s population—its regional, ethnic, religious, and racial diversity—forced the media, from the early years of the 20th century, to experiment with messages, images, and story lines that had a broad multicultural appeal. The Hollywood studios, mass-circulation magazines, and the television networks have had to learn how to speak to a variety of groups and classes at home. This has given them the techniques to appeal to an equally diverse audience abroad.[K] One important way that the American media have succeeded in transcending internal social divisions, national borders, and language barriers is by mixing up cultural styles. American musicians and composers have followed the example of modernist artists like Picasso and Braque in drawing on elements from high and low culture. Aaron Copland, George Gershwin, and Leonard Bernstein incorporated folk melodies, religious hymns, blues and gospel songs, and jazz into their symphonies, concertos, operas, and ballets. Indeed, an art form as quintessentially American as jazz evolved during the 20th century into an amalgam of African, Caribbean, Latin American, and modernist European music. This blending of forms in America"s mass culture has enhanced its appeal to multiethnic domestic and international audiences by capturing their different experiences and tastes.Section D[L] Finally, American culture has imitated not only the modernists" visual flamboyance, but also their tendency to be apolitical and anti-ideological. The refusal to browbeat an audience with a social message has accounted, more than any other factor, for the worldwide popularity of American entertainment. American movies, in particular, have customarily focused on human relationships and Private feelings, not on the problems of a particular time and place. They tell tales about romance , intrigue, success, failure, moral conflicts, and survival. The most memorable movies of the 1930s ( with the exception of The Grapes of Wrath) were comedies and musicals about mismatched people falling in love, not socially conscious films dealing with issues of poverty and unemployment. Similarly, the finest movies about World War II (like Casablanca) or the Vietnam War (like The Deer Hunter) linger in the mind long after those conflicts have ended because they explore their character"s most intimate emotions rather than dwelling on headline events.[M]Such intensely personal dilemmas are what people everywhere wrestle with. So Europeans, Asians, and Latin Americans flocked to Titanic, as they once did to Gone With the Wind, not because those films celebrated American values, but because people all over the world could see some part of their own lives reflected in the stories of love and loss.[N] America"s mass culture has often been crude and intrusive, as its critics have always complained. But, American culture has never felt all that foreign to foreigners. And, at its best, it has transformed what it received from others into a culture everyone, everywhere, could embrace a culture that is both emotionally and , on occasion, artistically compelling for millions of people throughout the world.[O] So, despite the current resurgence of anti-Americanism—not only in the Middle East but in Europe and Latin America—it is important to recognize that America"s movie television shows, and theme parks have been less "imperialistic" than cosmopolitan. In the end, American mass culture has not transformed the world into a replica of the United States. Instead, America"s dependence on foreign cultures has made the United States a replica of the world.Choose the correct headings for the four sections A - D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i - xi, in the parentheses on your AnswerSheet.[ i ] Major Stimuli for the Growth of American Culture[ ii ] American Entertainment Industry[ iii ] Globalization of American Culture[ iv ] Pop Culture Potpourri in the United States[ v ] Global Impact of American Culture[ vi ] The Influence of Modernism on American Culture[ vii ] America"s Dependence on Foreign Cultures[ viii ] Human Relationships in American Mass Culture[ ix ] The Main Features of American Culture[ x ] American Culture and Global Culture: A Reciprocal Relationship[ xi ] The History of American Mass Culture

填空题It is remarkable, the character of the pleasure we derive from the best books. You may still remember those English novels, stories and poems we read together among which may be mentioned Paradise Lost by John Milton, Lady Chatterley"s Lover by D. H. Lawrence, Four Quartets by T. S. Eliot, Finnegan"s Wake by James Joyce, The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, The Sunrise on the Veld by Doris Lessing, Sketch Book by Washington Irving, The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper. Concord Hymn by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Snows on Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway.

填空题All of the performers in the play did well. The audience applauded the actors excellent performance.A. theB. wellC. audienceD. actors

填空题Your work these days is better by a long way .

填空题The unit price is composed of the following parts : measuring unit, unit price figure , money of account, ______, ______ and ______.

填空题In fact, his ambiguous words amount ______ a refusal to our invitation.

填空题Walt is as good as his word．______，he will keep it． 沃尔特言出必行，他一旦许诺，就会信守诺言。

填空题There are only hard chocolates left；we ______． 只剩下硬巧克力了，软的全都被我们吃掉了。

填空题Palm: __________________ Marry: Oh, I'll let you go. Give me a call when you have some time.

填空题The development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult (36) many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written (37) . But children speak (38) they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with (39) written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge (40) memorized and passed (41) generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brain's storage capacity is finite. (42) overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles (43) through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society (44) permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology. It might be argued (45) today we have electronic means of recording sound and (46) to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete. (47) writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics (48) TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to (49) There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mail, no newspapers, no science. There would be (50) advantages: no bad novels, junk mail, poison-pen letters, or "unreadable" income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the (51) . There are almost as (52) legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are (53) the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes, (54) the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-eyed dragon-god T'sang Chien invented writing. In (55) myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech.

填空题People uncritical of technology also rationalize endangering Technologies by promoting humanistic uses of a particular technology. In 1950s, for instance, nuclear weaponry was justified by its 1 "peaceful use": cheap electricity through nuclear power. Later, when nuclear power"s excesses and dangers came under light, 2 pronuclear people tried to deflect concern by drawing attention to the medical uses of radiation. Such rationalizations make a strong effect on both the public 3 and the creators and disseminators of technologies. Since the notion of the technical solution has so successfully engulfed our minds, social mores, institutions, the most searing judgment critics have been 4 able to muster does not even question modem technology as such. Rather it asserts where technologies are neutral: they are just tools 5 that contain no inherent political bias. If there is a problem with technology, it lay with what class of people controls it. 6 There is other school of thought which views technology as 7 political: technologies serve political ends. They are invented and deployed by people who benefit and believe in a particular political 8 setup—and their very structure serves this setup. An overview of mass technological society shows that the kinds of technologies in place are those serve the perpetuation of mass technological society. 9 For instance, the telephone and computer may look as "people"s 10 technologies", and they do help individuals stay in communication and collect, sort, and manage information. Yet both were consciously developing to enhance systems of centralized political power. 11 According to a manually written by early telephone entrepreneurs, the 12 telephone was consciously disseminated to increase corporate command of information, resources, communications, and time. The computer is originally invented during World War Ⅱ to decode 13 intercepted radio messages and later to boost military power through guided missilery. Today these technologies make global exploitation of nature, urban centralization, and high-tech military domination not only possibly, but seemingly necessary. In a 14 decentralized, communal society, telephones or computers would be 15 neither politically necessary nor individually attractive. As jerry Mander sees it, "Each technology is compatible with certain political And social outcomes, and usually it has been invented by people who have some of these outcomes in mind. The idea that technology is "neutral" is itself not neutral."

填空题Translate the following passage into Chinese．(苏州大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn: for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people—first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally.I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity. Schopenhauer"s saying, " A man can do what he wants, but not want what he wants" , has been a very real inspiration to me since my youth: it has been a continual consolation in the face of life"s hardships, my own and others", and an unfailing well-spring of tolerance. This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from taking ourselves and other people too seriously: it is conducive to a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due.

填空题We shall be glad to receive you offer ______ walnut meat, shipment, ______ September/October ______ transshipment at Hongkong.

填空题According to historians of English literature, the First World War saw the start of a poetic revolution which was initiated by the imagist movement and the symbolist movement. The imagist movement was led by______.

填空题There's a ______ of styles for you to choose from. (various)

填空题Don"t disturb the ______ (sleep) child.