阅读理解Questions 91 to 100 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 【A1】to 【A5】

阅读理解Passage Three: Questions are based on the following passage

阅读理解Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneA study of nearly 140,000 women in the U.S. showed that regular helpings of a small portion of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to becomea global epidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eating walnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this is thought to be one of the largest studies to find regularly snarling on them can help prevent the condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it’s likely that the same benefits apply to men.According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbers affected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four million by 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks, blindness and amputation (截肢). Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S., tracked 137,893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Their dietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularly walnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one to three times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at least twice a week by 24 per cent.In a report on the findings the researchers said: “These results suggest higher walnut consumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women: Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids(脂肪酸) which have been shown to reduce inflammation (炎症) in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis.”Last year, experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties and thirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts can reduce people’s risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios(开心果) demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

阅读理解Passage4alled laziness,but Dr.Kle it man has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at it speak.For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why This is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语）as:"Getup,John!You'll be late  for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is that(76)John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives(77)realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better.Habit can help,Dr.Kleitman believes.Maybe you'r e sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,(78)rise before your usual hour.This won’t change your cycle,but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to as low start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor.Avoid the trouble some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,(79)do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.If a person finds getting up early a problem,most probably.

阅读理解The United States stands apart from most European nations in never having a titled nobility

阅读理解When I was still an architecture student, a teacher told me, "We learn more from buildings that fall down than from buildings that stand up." What he meant was that construction is as much the result of experience as of theory. Although structural design follows established formulas, the actual performance of a building is complicated by the passage of time, the behavior of users, the natural elements—and unnatural events. All are difficult to simulate. Buildings, unlike cars, can''t be crash-tasted. The first important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is that tall buildings can withstand the impact of a large jetliner. The twin towers were supported by 59 perimeter columns on each side. Although about 30 of these columns, extending from four to six floors, were destroyed in each building by the impact, initially both towers remained standing. Even so, the death toll (代价) was appalling—2,235 people lost their lives. I was once asked, how tall buildings should be designed given what we''d learned from the World Trade Center collapse. My answer was, "Lower". The question of when a tall building becomes unsafe is easy to answer. Common aerial fire-fighting ladders in use today are 100 feet high and can reach to about the 10th floor, so fires in buildings up to 10 stories high can be fought from the exterior (外部). Fighting fires and evacuating occupants above that height depend on fire stairs. The taller the building, the longer it will take for firefighters to climb to the scene of the fire. So the simple answer to the safety question is "Lower than 10 stories." Then why don''t cities impose lower height limits? A 60-story office building does not have six times as much rentable space as a 10-story building. However, all things being equal, such a building will produce four times more revenue and four times more in property taxes. So cutting building heights would mean cutting city budgets. The most important lesson of the World Trade Center collapse is not that we should stop building tall buildings but that we have misjudged their cost. We did the same thing when we underestimated the cost of hurtling along a highway in a steel box at 70 miles per hour. It took many years before seat belts, air bags, radial tires, and antilock brakes became commonplace. At first, cars simply were too slow to warrant concern. Later, manufacturers resisted these expensive devices, arguing that consumers would not pay for safety. Now we do willingly.

阅读理解Passage Four It may not be obvious, but hearing two languages regularly during pregnancy puts infants on the road to bilingualism by birth

阅读理解Recently, Congressional Democrats introduced legislation to make it easier for older workers to win age discrimination lawsuits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.In recent ten years, 15.79 percent of cases brought to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, were described as successful claims. While this number is small given the number of workers covered by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, many, if not most, instances of age discrimination are never sued, and cases hiring discrimination often go undetected.Most of those who do sue are white, male middle-managers who are likely to have lost a sizeable salary and pension. For the most part, other groups do not sue because the costs of a lawsuit outweigh the potential benefits. Age discrimination remains a significant workplace issue.There is strong experimental evidence for age discrimination in hiring, at least for entry-level jobs. Recently, I performed a labor market experiment in Boston in which I sent out thousands of resumes for fictitious (虚构的) entry-level female candidates and measured response rate based on date of high school graduation. Among this group, younger applicants, whose date of high school graduation indicated that they were less than 50 years old, were 40 percent more likely to be called back for an interview than were older applicants.It is difficult to tell whether employment problems are worse for older workers than for other workers when times are bad. The number of discrimination lawsuits increases during times of high unemployment, but this finding by itself does not indicate an increased level of age discrimination. In times of higher unemployment, the opportunity cost to a lawsuit is lower than it is when times are good.From the employer’s perspective, mass layoffs may seem like a good chance to remove a higher proportion of generally more expensive older workers without the worry of being sued. On the other hand, employers may be less likely to remove protected older workers because they still fear lawsuits. One thing we do know is that once an older worker loses a job, he or she is much less likely to find a new job than a younger worker is.Unfortunately, the effect of legislation prohibiting age discrimination is not easy to see and may actually be part of the reason it is so difficult for older workers to find employment. If it is more difficult to fire an older worker than a younger worker, a firm will be less likely to want to hire older workers. Indeed, my research finds that in states where workers have longer time to bring a lawsuit claim, older men work fewer weeks per year, are less likely to be hired, and less likely to be fired than men in states where they do not have as much.Not many people would suggest that we go back to a world prior to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, in which advertisements specify the specific ages of people they are willing to hire. However, legislation prohibiting discrimination is no panacea (万灵药). The recent proposed congressional legislation could have both positive and negative effects on potential older workers

阅读理解Passage 2 Chinese Hoisin Chicken with Asian Noodle Salad Serves 4-6,prep with 25 mins, Cook 1 hour 1

阅读理解Passage Two Most students choose Homestay accommodation when they study abroad; others select Home- stay even if they are not on a study visit

阅读理解Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality. Moderndance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. At the beginningthere was no exacting technique, no foundation from which to build. In later years, trial, error andgenius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually, innovators even drewfrom what they considered the dread ballet, but first they had to abandon all that was academic sothat the new could be discovered. The beginnings of modern dance were happening before IsadoraDuncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audiences and see it acceptedand acclaimed.Her search for a natural movement form sent her to nature. She believed movement should be asnatural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony withthe movement of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas.First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movement that could be used in dance. Before Duncandanced, ballet was the only type of dance performed in concert. In the ballet the feet and legs wereemphasized, with virtuosity shown by complex, codified positions and movements. Duncanperformed dance by using all her body in the freest possible way. Her dance stemmed from her souland spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so others might be able to develop the art.Her second contribution lies in dance costume. She rejected ballet shoes and stiff costumes. Thesewere replaced with flowing Grecian tunes, bare feet, and unbound hair. She believed in the naturalbody being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal.Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies of greatmasters including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom.She was as exciting and eccentric in her personal life as in her dance.

阅读理解Text 3 When Tom Szaky sees a juice container thrown away, he doesnt see rubbish; he sees a pencil case

阅读理解After Chang graduated from university and earned her masters, Nanjing remained only on the periphery of her thoughts

阅读理解There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to five children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 B.C. to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

阅读理解Just over a decade into the 21st century, women’s progress can be celebrated across a range of fields.They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A womanholds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics.Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-inthese and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women aren’t allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000 womendie in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and politicalpower. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of women’s progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areasthat affect women’s lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, andaccess to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the WorldEconomic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factorsto come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination isagainst the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化). But there were somesurprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for politicalrepresentation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba andBurundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nation’s top office translates to better lives for womenin general? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hardbecause in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” saysAnne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another inthe way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities.Some things simply can’t be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons can’t account for differencesof opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profoundstatement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “Whenwe liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities,nations, and the world,” she said. “There is a stimulative effect that kicks in when women havegreater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewermilitary conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing theeconomic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.

阅读理解Archaeology (考古学) as a profession faces two major problems

阅读理解Making a final decision can be a tough challenge to business owners because .

阅读理解Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

阅读理解Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary （周年纪念）, President Barack Obama has announced the establishment of one new national monument, and the expansion (扩大) of another