单选题Land belongs to the city; there is ______ thing as private ownership of land. A. no such a B. not such C. not such a D. no such

单选题The machines in this workshop are not regulated ______ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system. A. inevitably B. individually C. irrespectively D. irregularly

单选题His ______ led to the resolution of all our difficulties.

单选题Man: Do you think Mary would translate this paragraph for me? Woman: I haven't seen her today. Question: What does the woman imply about Mary?

单选题A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.

单选题Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________.

单选题I' d like to ______ him to you for the job. He is very clever and capable.

单选题They demanded that the government _______all political prisoners in the next two days. 

单选题阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B、C或D）填在答题纸的相应位置上。It is estimated that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today.So it might surprise you to learn that restaura

单选题With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform.

单选题Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ______ increase the risk of heart disease. A. in turn B. in return C. by chance D. by turns

单选题Mrs. London has ______ that she is unable to get a job.

单选题He ( ) me by two games to one.

单选题 The Causes of Conflict A. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three clearly separable groups of simple causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of aggressiveness by individuals. B. One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the possession of external objects. The disputed ownership of any desired object—food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient ground for an appeal to force. On Monkey Hill disputes over females were responsible for the death of thirty out of thirty-three males. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession. C. In the first place they are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the complete destruction of the objects of common desire. The aggression is so overriding (压倒一切的) once it has begun that it may utterly destroy the object for which the struggle began and even the self for whose advantage the struggle was undertaken. D. In the second place it is observable, at least in children, that the object for whose possession aggression is started may sometimes be desired by one person merely because it is desired by someone else. There were many cases observed by Dr. Isaacs where toys and other objects which had been discarded as useless were violently defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child's desire. Therefore, the grounds of possessiveness may be irrational (非理性的). Whether sensible or irrational, contests over possession are commonly the occasion for the most ruthless (残忍的) use of force among children and apes. E. One of the commonest kinds of object arousing possessive desire is the notice, good will, affection, and service of other members of the group. Among children one of the commonest causes of quarreling was 'jealousy'—the desire for the exclusive possession of the interest and affection of someone else, particularly the adults in charge of the children. This form of behavior is sometimes classified as a separate cause of conflict under the name of 'rivalry' (竞争) or a 'jealousy.' But, in point of fact, it seems to us that it is only one variety of possessiveness. The object of desire is not a material object—that is the only difference. The object is the interest and affection of other persons. What is wanted, however, is the exclusive right to that interest and affection—a property in emotions instead of in things. As subjective emotions and as causes of conflict, jealousy and rivalry are fundamentally similar to the desire for the possession of toys or food. Indeed, very often the persons and property which is desired, are the sources of toys and food. F. Possessiveness is, then, in all its forms a common cause of fighting. If we are to look behind the mere facts of behavior for an explanation of this phenomenon, a teleological (目的论的) cause is not far to seek. The exclusive right to objects of desire is a clear and simple advantage to the possessor of it. It carries with it the certainty and continuity of satisfaction. Where there is only one claimant to a good, frustration and the possibility of loss is reduced to a minimum. It is, therefore, obvious that, if the ends of the self are the only recognized ends, the whole powers of the agent, including the fullest use of his available force, will be used to establish and defend exclusive rights to possession. G. Another cause of aggression closely allied to possessiveness is the tendency for children and apes greatly to hate the intrusion (侵入) of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be poked and bitten to death. This suggests strongly that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The competition of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more rivals for the food or the attention of the adults. H. Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a failure or frustration in their own activity. Sometimes a child will be prevented either by natural causes such as bad weather or illness or by the opposition of some adult from doing something he wishes to do. The child may also frustrate himself by failing, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will be in a bad temper. And, what is of interest from our point of view, the child will indulge in aggression—attacking and fighting other children or adults. Sometimes the object of aggression will simply be the cause of frustration, and it's a straightforward reaction. But sometimes the person or thing that suffers the aggression is irrelevant to offense. I. Of course, this kind of behavior is so common that everyone feels it to be obvious and to constitute no serious scientific problem. That a small boy should pull his sister's hair because it is raining does not appear to an ordinary person to be an occasion for solemn scientific inquiry. He is, as we should all say, 'in a bad temper.' Yet it is not, in fact, really obvious either why revenge should be taken on entirely innocent objects, since no good to the aggressor can come of it, or why children being miserable should seek to make others miserable also. It is just a fact of human behavior that cannot really be deduced from any general principle of reason. J. But it is, as we shall see, of very great importance for our purpose. It shows how it is possible, at the simplest and most primitive level, for aggression and fighting to spring from an entirely irrelevant and partially hidden cause. Fighting to possess a desired object is straightforward and rational, compared with fighting that occurs because, in a different and unrelated activity, some frustration has barred the road to pleasure. The importance of this possibility for an understanding of group conflict must already be obvious.

单选题______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of ______ World War Ⅱ.

单选题 Where Have All the People Gone? A. Germans are getting used to a new kind of immigrant. In 1998, a pack of wolves crossed the Neisse River on the Polish-German border. In the empty landscape of eastern Saxony, dotted with abandoned mines and declining villages, the wolves found plenty of deer and few humans. Five years later, a second pack split from the original, so there're now two families of wolves in the region. A hundred years ago, a growing land-hungry population killed off the last of Germany's wolves. Today, it's the local humans whose numbers are under threat. B. Villages are empty, thanks to the region's low birth rate and rural flight. Home to 22 of the world's 25 lowest fertility rate countries, Europe will lose 30 million people by 2030, even with continued immigration. The biggest population decline will hit rural Europe. As Italians, Spaniards, Germans and others produce barely three-fifths of children needed to maintain status quo, and as rural flight sucks people Europe's suburbs and cities, the countryside will lose a quarter of its population. C. The implications of this demographic (人口的) change will be far-reaching. The postcard view of Europe is of a continent where every scrap of land has long been farmed, fenced off and settled. But the continent of the future may look rather different. Big parts of Europe will ren-aturalize. Bears are back in Austria. In Swiss Alpine valleys, farms have been receding and forests are growing back. In parts of France and Germany, wild cats and wolves have re-established their ranges. The shrub and forest that grow on abandoned land might be good for deer and wolves, but is vastly less species-rich than traditional farming, with its pastures, ponds and hedges. Once shrub cover everything, you lose the meadow habitat. All the flowers, herbs, birds, and butterflies disappear. A new forest doesn't get diverse until a couple of hundred years old. D. All this is not necessarily an environmentalist's dream it might seem. Take the Greek village of Prastos. An ancient hill town, Prastos once had 1000 residents, most of them working the land. Now only a dozen left, most in their 60s and 70s. The school has been closed since 1988. Sunday church bells no longer ring. Without farmers to tend the fields, rain has washed away the once fertile soil. As in much of Greece, land that has been orchards and pasture for some 2000 years is now covered with dry shrub that, in summer, frequently catches fire. E. Rural depopulation is not new. Thousands of villages like Prastos dot Europe, the result of a century or more of emigration, industrialization, and agricultural mechanization. But this time it's different because never has the rural birth rate so low. In the past, a farmer could usually find at least one of his offspring to take over the land. Today, the chances are that he has only a single son or daughter, usually working in the city and rarely willing to return. In Italy, more than 40% of the country's 1.9 million farmers are at least 65 years old. Once they die out, many of their farms will join the 6 million hectares one third of Italy's farmland that has already been abandoned. F. Rising economic pressures, especially from reduced government subsidies, will amplify the trend. One third of Europe's farmland is marginal, from the cold northern plains to the dry Mediterranean (地中海) hills. Most of these farmers rely on EU subsidies, since it's cheaper to import food from abroad. Without subsidies, some of the most scenic European landscapes wouldn't survive. In the Austrian or Swiss Alps, defined for centuries by orchards, cows, high mountain pastures, the steep valleys are labor-intensive to farm, with subsidies paying up to 90% of the cost. Across the border in France and Italy, subsidies have been reduced for mountain farming. Since then, across the southern Alps, villages have emptied and forests have grown back in. outside the range of subsidies, in Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine, big tracts of land are returning to wild. G. The truth is varied and interesting. While many rural regions of Europe areemptying out, others will experience something of a renaissance. Already, attractive areas within in striking distance of prosperous cities are seeing robust revivals, driven by urban flight and an in-flooding of childless retirees. Contrast that with less-favored areas, from the Spanish interior to eastern Europe. These face dying villages, abandoned farms and changes in the land not seen for generations. Both types of regions will have to cope with steeply ageing population and its accompanying health and service needs. Rural Europe is the laboratory of demographic changes. H. For governments, the challenge has been to develop policies that slow the demographic decline or attract new residents. In some places such as Britain and France, large parts of countryside are reviving as increasingly wealthy urban middle class in search of second homes recolonises villages and farms. Villages in central Italy are counting on tourism to revive their town, turning farmhouses into hostels for tourists and hikers. But once baby boomers start dying out around 2020, populations will start to decline so sharply that there simply won't be enough people to reinvent itself. It's simply unclear how long current government policies can put off the inevitable. I.'We are now talking about civilized depopulation. We just have to make sure that old people we leave behind are taken care of.' Says Mats Johansson of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The biggest challenge is finding creative ways to keep up services for the rising proportion of seniors. When the Austrian village of Klaus, thinly spread over the Alpine foothills, decided it could no longer afford a regular public bus service, the community set up a public taxi-on-demand service for the aged. In thinly populated Lapland where doctors are few and far between, tech-savvy Finns the rising demand for specialized health care with a service that uses videoconferencing and the Internet for remote medical examination. J. Another pioneer is the village of Aguaviva, one of rapidly depopulating areas in Spain. In 2000, Mayor Manznanares began offering free air-fares and housing for foreign families to settle in Aguvivia. Now the mud-brown town of about 600 has 130 Argentine and Romanian immigrants, and the town's only school has 54 pupils. Immigration was one solution to the problem. But most foreign immigrants continue to prefer cities. And within Europe migration only exports the problem. Western European look towards eastern Europe as a source for migrants, yet those countries have ultra-low birth rates of their own. K. Now the increasingly worried European governments are developing policies to make people have more children, from better childcare to monthly stipends (津贴) linked to family size. But while these measures might raise the birth rate slightly, across the much of the ageing continent there are just too few potential parents around.

单选题The United States court system is characterized by ______ hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. A. double B. complex C. simple D. dual

单选题The third paragraph mainly tells us that ______.

单选题根据下面资料，回答21-35题。In the past， I always thought that being a teacher was an easy job. But I changed my（21）when I became a part-time teacher. About four years ago， Richard asked me（22）I could help teach

单选题I didn't know why, but quite a few students were absent ______ class today. A. from B. for C. to D. with