阅读理解Text 1 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms

阅读理解Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage

阅读理解D Body language is of great importance tohumans

阅读理解Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life-to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe? Since the late 1940''s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

阅读理解Which of the following will the host provide?

阅读理解Passage B In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fiftymile canal zone instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn

阅读理解Passage 1 Since its founding in 1948, McDonalds has grown from a family burger (汉堡包) stand to a global fast-food chain, with more than 30,000 locations in 118 countries

阅读理解Text 3 Suddenly the grass before my feet shakes and comes alive

阅读理解They fell silent after they had exhausted the subject

阅读理解Text 2 We ve read how babies stare longer and cry less when held by pretty people, and heard tales of handsome children doing better in school, given special attention by their teachers

阅读理解Text B While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states? At least in getting people off welfare

阅读理解The Supreme Court'' s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects―a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen―is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients'' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who" until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death." George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It''s like surgery," he says." We don''t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn''t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you''re a physician, you can risk your patients'' suicide as long as you don''t intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court''s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of" ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care." Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes" systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards" must make it clear.., that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."

阅读理解Passage A Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food

阅读理解Passage 2 The first thing I want to insist on is that reading should be enjoyable

阅读理解Questions 71 to 80 are based on the following passage

阅读理解There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language―all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. 　　By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. 　　In order to grow, to travel new roads ,people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we''re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly ,and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we''re slow to adapt to change or that we''re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. 　　These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

阅读理解(2) Do you see to glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Do you keep your eye up- on the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichs are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking

阅读理解 This spring I was on a panel at the Woodstock Writers Festival. An audience asked a question: Why had the revolution dreamed up in the late 1960s mostly been won on the social and cultural fronts—women's rights, gay rights, black president, ecology, sex, drugs, rock and roll—but lost in the economic realm, with old-school free-market ideas gaining traction all the time? There was a long pause. People shrugged and sighed. I had an epiphany, which I offered, disappointing everybody in the room. What has happened politically, economically, culturally and socially since the sea change of the late 1960s isn't contradictory or disharmonious. It's all of a piece. For hippies and bohemians as for businesspeople and investors, extreme individualism has been triumphant. Selfishness won. From the beginning, the American idea embodied a tension between radical individualism and the demands of the commonweal. The document we're celebrating today says in its second line that axiomatic human rights include 'Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness'—individualism in a nutshell. But the Declaration's author was not a greed-is-good guy: 'Self-love,' Jefferson wrote to a friend 38 years after the Declaration, 'is no part of morality. Indeed it is exactly its counterpart.' Periodically Americans have gone overboard indulging our propensities to self-gratification—during the 1840s, during the Gilded Age, and again in the Roaring Twenties. Yet each time, thanks to economic crises and reassertions of moral disapproval, a rough equilibrium between individualism and the civic good was restored. During the two decades after World War II, pressures of bourgeois social norms were powerful. To dress or speak or live life in unorthodox, extravagantly individualist ways required real gumption. Sex outside marriage was shameful, beards and divorce were outré—but so were boasting of one's wealth and blaming unfortunates for their hard luck. But then came the late 1960s, and over the next two decades American individualism was fully unleashed. Going forward, the youthful masses of every age would be permitted as never before to indulge their self-expressive and hedonistic impulses. 'Do your own thing' is not so different than 'every man for himself.' If it feels good, do it, whether that means smoking weed and watching porn and never wearing a necktie, retiring at 50 with a six-figure public pension and refusing modest gun regulation, or moving your factories overseas and letting commercial banks become financial speculators. Thanks to the 1960s, we are all shamelessly selfish. In that letter from 1814, Jefferson wrote that our tendencies toward selfishness where liberty and our pursuit of happiness lead us require 'correctives which are supplied by education' and by 'the moralist, the preacher, and legislator.' On this Independence Day, I'm doing my small preacherly bit.

阅读理解Passage1Passage1Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston,Massachusetts.His mother and father were Puritans(清教徒).They left England and moved to the English colony of Massachusetts in order to escape persecution(迫害)for their religion.In Boston,Franklin left school when he was ten years old and worked for his father for two years.Then he went to work on his brother's newspaper. He became the editor of this paper when he was sixteen.Because he wanted to be independent, he went to Philadelphia. There he began his own newspaper. He worked hard and saved his money.And by the age of 24, he was one of the most successful men in Philadelphia.In1732,Franklin published a book Poor Richards Almanac(年鉴).Most almanacs contained in formation for farmers, such as in formation about the days and weeks of the year and about the weather.To his almanacs,Franklin added wise sayings and his observations about life.Some of these sayings are still famous today.For example,“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.”“Waste not,Want not.”And“A penny saved is a penny earned.”Benjamin Franklin was of__________.

阅读理解Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?