填空题Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the______it is associated with. (人大2007研)

填空题Any ______ (propose) that Norman should be dismissed must be resisted.

填空题cost performance

填空题 The man’s _____ is well known in the neighborhooD、(eccentric)

填空题The reason why the water in this area had been polluted was the ______ (poison) substances had been poured into the river.

填空题The term "attachment" and "bonding" are often used interchangeably, even though they had similar implications. 1 However, they have quite distinctive meanings. Bonding actually refers to the parent"s ties to the infant and thought to occur in the 2 first hours or days of life. Attachment, in contrast, refers to the relationship between infants and primary caregivers, who develops 3 gradually. Parent to infant bonding has been argued to occur quite suddenly, especially upon first contact with the infant immediately after birth. There is no so implication in the term 4 attachment. As with any vital relationship there can be no instant attachment. Rather, the infant-caregiver relationship builds over time. It evolves through a series of characteristic phases, with each phase 5 drawing on the one before. In fact, newborn infants are not yet capable of attachment, since they have few ability to distinguish one person 6 than another and no concept of a permanent object. Because 7 attachment refers to a relationship and not simply an experience, it is appropriate to say that an attachment relationship has formed 8 until the second half year. Even then the relationship is not fully formed or fixed. It continues to evolve toward John Bowlby called 9 a "partnership" during the preschool years and to be elaborated thereafter, From the bonding perspective there are critical moments just following birth when the parental, tie must be formed. Whether for mother or father, such experiences are thought to cement the connection with the infant. Following such an opportunity, a permanent bond will be formed, without such an opportunity the possibility of ever forming a bond is called into a question. For better or worse the 10 relationship is fixed and the child"s well-being is thought to hinge upon this.

填空题When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an______force.（清华2001研)

填空题March 20 is the final deadline for legal r______ to apply for new Alien Registration Cards (外国人居留证) to replace those issued before 1979.

填空题Translate the following into Chinese．A nobler want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.The ancient Greeks called the world Koomos, beauty. Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight in and for themselves: a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping. This seems partly owing to the eye itself. The eye is the best of artists. By the mutual action of its structure and of the laws of light, perspective is produced, which integrates every mass of objects, of what character soever, into a well colored and shaded globe, so that where the particular objects are mean and unaffecting: the landscape which they compose is round and symmetrical. And as the eye is the best composer, so light is the first of painters. There is no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful. And the stimulus it affords to the sense, and a sort of infinitude which it has, like space and time, make all matter gay. Even the corpse has its own beauty. But besides this general grace diffused over nature, almost all the individual forms are agreeable to the eye, as is proved by our endless imitations of some of them, as the acorn, the grape, the pine-cone, the wheat-ear, the egg, the wings and forms of most birds, the lion"s claw, the serpent, the butterfly, sea-shells, flames, clouds, buds, leaves, and the forms of many trees, as the palm.All men are in some degree impressed by the face of the world: some men even to delight. This love of beauty is Taste. Others have the same love in such excess, that, not content with admiring, they seek to embody it in new forms. The creation of beauty is Art.The production of a work of art throws a light upon the mystery of humanity. A work of art is an abstract or epitome of the world. It is the result or expression of nature, in miniature. For although the works of nature are innumerable and all different, the result or the expression of them all is similar and single. Nature is a sea of forms radically a-like and even unique. A leaf, a sunbeam, a landscape, the ocean, make an analogous impression on the mind. What is common to them all, that perfectness and harmony, is beauty. The standard of beauty is the entire circuit of nature forms , the totality of nature: which the Italians expressed by defining beauty "il piu nell"uno. " Nothing is quite beautiful alone: nothing but is beautiful in the whole. A single object is only so far beautiful as it suggests this universal grace. The poet, the painter, the sculptor, the musician, the architect, seek each to concentrate this radiance of the world on one point, and each in his several work to satisfy the love of beauty which stimulates him to produce. Thus is Art, a nature passed through the alembic of man. Thus in art, does Nature work through the will of a man filled with the beauty of her first works.The world thus exists to the soul to satisfy the desire of beauty. This element I call an ultimate end. No reason can be asked or given why the soul seeks beauty. Beauty, in its largest and profoundest sense, is one expression for the universe. God is the all-fair. Truth, and goodness, and beauty, are but different faces of the same All. But beauty in nature is not ultimate. It is the herald of inward and eternal beauty, and is not alone a solid and satisfactory good. It must stand as a part, and not as yet the last or highest expression of the final cause of Nature.From R. W. Emerson: Beauty

填空题The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform, abusing children, and toxic waste.A.of concernB.prison reformC.abusing childrenD.waste

填空题Elaborate on the following translation theories.(南开大学2012研，考试科目：专业英语)Explain the "polysystem theory" and its significance for translation studies.

填空题 Colunm A Column B 1)Fricative (a)pork and sports 2)Glottal (b)ball-balls 3)Aspirated and unaspirated (c)"tea" in English 4)English syllable (d)(C)v(C) 5)Chinese syllable (e)[h] 6)Adjective compound (f)editor-edit 7)Back-formation (g)(((C)C)C)v((((C)C)C)C) 8)Broadening (h)thought-provoking 9)Loanword (i)[f] 10)inflectional affix (j)bird—young bird—any kind of bird

填空题In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year's supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311．That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. 41．______. Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $ 521．This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. 42．______These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the "middlemen" who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959．It appears that the middlemen's profit has increased more than farmer's. 43．According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than five percent. By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices. 44．______The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don't want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market. Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several "TV dinners" are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes dessert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 45. Economists remind us that many modem housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day's work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family's table easily and quickly. "If the housewife wants all of these, " the economists say, "that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier. " It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.[A] However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.[B] Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm.[C] Thus, as economists point out: "Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor's plant. "[D] But some economists claim that the middleman's actual profit was very low.[E] Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store'?[F] But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?[G] Economists do not. agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.

填空题Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．Write your translation on the Answer Sheet．(北京第二外国语学院2012研，考试科目：基础英语)I climbed heights above Yosemite Valley, California in order to see the splendid granite mountain, Half Dome, in its fullest view. Approaching the edge through the woods I was filled with heightened expectation. I saw the ruin of cabin and my approach caused the alignment of the chimney on this side of the valley with the shorn mountain across the valley. I stopped. Something happened. The stone verticals corresponded, one human-shaped, the other natural. The human site was still engaged in sightseeing. I was on its side. I saw the famous sights through the eyes of the ruin. I had come expecting beauty: I discovered an unexpected dimension to the beauty of the scene.In this experience I had been seeking the aesthetic. I knew I would find it, for I had seen post cards in advance and was following the trail map. The seeking took considerable effort and time. It was a heavy investment. I was not going for the scientific purpose of studying rock formation, or was it for the recreational purpose of exercising my limps in the fresh air, though that exertion added intensity to the experience and was its context.

填空题TEFL

填空题The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxons period is______, an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.