填空题Here's a tale of two companies. Both are foreign owned, and both are embroiled in scandals involving allegations of sexual harassment. Company A is confronted with the problem and punishes top execs. Company B stonewalls and mounts an aggressive campaign to discredit its accusers and portray itself as a victim of slander. (41)For business schools looking for a few good case studies in damage control, last week was about as good as it gets. One was Swedish pharmaceuticals company Astra USA, a maker of asthma medications and the popular anesthetic Xylocaine. Facing similar charges, Mitsubishi Motor manufacturing of America opted for in-your-face denial. Who did it right? It's too soon to know for sure. Astra's strategy may seem smarter. Financially speaking, at least, one can see why Mitsubishi is reluctant to issue a public mea culpa. Fessing up could expose it to as much as $200 million in damages. Such controversies are no rarity these days. The Equal Employment Opportunity commission alone received more than 15,000 complaints of sexual harassment last year, more than twice as many as in 1991. Its suit against Mitsubishi, filed last month, may turn out to be by far the biggest ever—and could eventually involve as many as two thirds of the company's 900 female workers. (42)Mitsubishi's response was clear from the beginning. When the EEOC announced its case against the Illinois automaker, the company dispatched busloads of workers to picket the agency's Chicago offices. Attorneys for Mitsubishi will no doubt probe the private lives of the women lodging complaints, and may even accuse them of " Japanbashing. " Mitsubishi's brass in Tokyo seemed a bit taken aback by the ferocity of the counteroffensive, to the point of suggesting that maybe the case could be quietly settled. (43)Could such tactics be effective? If aggressive PR makes people doubt the allegations against the company, or encourages federal investigators to settle on more favorable terms, then the strategy will have succeeded. But there are risks, especially for consumer companies like Mitsubishi. (44)That's no small threat, considering that Mitsubishi is struggling to turn a profit in this country. (45)Astra's strategy seems savvier. Its openness and prompt response might help it evade punitive damages, should any of the complaints go to a jury. In fact, that may be a chief reason the company acted even before it completed its own investigation. That said, Astra is in the soup to begin with because it had no adequate mechanisms for reporting incidents, and because it failed to deal with its problems before they became public. Women have complained of harassment at the company for more than a decade. BusinessWeek reports incidents ranging from gropings at company retreats to suggestions that female sales reps could advance their careers by putting out sexually for their bosses—including the head of the company, Lars Bildman. (His lawyer denies the allegations, as do the other executives. ) So far, Astra itself has offered no evidence suggesting any of the three are guilty. Both companies now promise to do better. Astra is overhauling its corporate personnel policies and plans to train managers on how to handle issues of sexual discrimination. So is Mitsubishi. Says the automaker's general counsel Gary Shultz: " We are going to become the model in handling sexual-harassment and -discrimination cases. " That remains to be seen. If these sorts of scandals force companies to set up rules that actually work, that may be the best case study of all. [A] That's precisely what the company did in response to a prior sexual-harassment suit filed by 29 women in 1994. [B] " A great deal of attention should be paid to these affairs, " says Mitsubishis's spokesman. [C] But " we're taking these allegations very seriously, " says Astra spokesman Benjamin Kincannon. [D] Outraged by the automaker's seeming disregard of its problems, perennial presidential hopeful Jesse Jackson and the National Organization for Women called on car buyers to boycott the company. [E] When Business Week published tales of wide-ranging abuse at Astra's American subsidiary, outside Boston, the company quickly faced up to the problem and suspended its U. S. chief executive, along with two top lieutenants. [F] Prof. Martin Stoller, a crisis-management expert at Northwestern University, thinks so. " The aim of crisis management is to stop the attackers, " he says. [G] Astra and Mitsubishi have joined hand with each other to solve the problem of sexual harassment.

填空题 流通货币必要量由商品价格总额和（ ）决定。

填空题The state of college students' mental health continues to decline. What's the solution? In the months before Massachusetts Institute of technology sophomore Elizabeth Shin died, she spoke with seven psychiatrists and one social worker. The psychiatrists diagnosed major depression; the therapist recommended hospitalization. Shin told a dean that she was cutting herself and let a professor know that she wanted to commit suicide. The housemaster of her dorm and two of her friends stayed up nights to watch her. But it wasn't enough. On April 10, 2000, Elizabeth Shin locked her dorm room door and set her clothes on fire. Four days later, she was dead. 41. Many colleges are running into thorny situation. Her parents, Kisuk and Cho Hyun Shin, filed suit against MIT, charging its employees with gross negligence and wrongful death. It's an extreme case, but it illustrates a problem facing many other schools, as more and more students line up at counseling centers requiring increasingly intensive therapy or medication or both. 42. Students with substantial personality problems. The number of freshmen reporting less than average emotional health has been steadily rising since 1985, according to the newest data from an annual nationwide survey by the University of California-Los Angeles. Reasons for the decline of college students' mental health College therapists cite several reasons for the apparent deterioration in student mental health. Not only has this generation grown up in the much-maligned era of the disintegrating American family, it is also more used to therapy and so more likely to seek help. As competition to get into college gets tougher, students burn out before they even get there. And kids with severe psychological problems, who in the past wouldn't even have made it. to college, now take psychotropic drugs that help them succeed. 43. The soaring number of visitors to college psychiatrists. Colleges first created counseling centers for students who needed career and academic advice, says Robert Gallagher, author of the counseling center survey and former director of the University of Pittsburghs' services. As psychological counseling took over, the centers' other advising functions were packed off to other parts of the campus. 44. Inadequacies of college therapy services. The ballooning caseloads mean there isn't the time or the staff to offer long-term therapy to any but the most troubled. "You can't just load up with the first 100 students and see them regularly without having openings for new people," says Gallagher. Instead, colleges focus on getting students over immediate crises. 45. What's the solution? Some schools have tried filling the gap by getting more involved in students' lives. The University of South Carolina, the University of Nevada-Reno, and Texas A 30 percent reported at least one student suicide on their campus last year. [C] "If a student tells you she took five extra pills over the weekend," says Gertrude Carter, director of psychological services at Bennington College in Vermont, "it's hard to tell if that's a grab for attention or an actual threat." [D] New statistics show that many freshmen arrive on campus depressed and anxious and feel worse as the year progresses. At the same time, colleges must also negotiate the legal and emotional pitfalls of caring for their charges, not children but not yet fully adults. [E] In response to the task force report, MIT is putting together support teams of physicians, other health-care professionals, and experienced counselors to spend time in the dorms; socializing with the students and keeping an eye on them. [F] One Yale student suffering from anxiety during his sophomore year rarely saw the same counselor twice. "It felt like the person I was talking to wasn't really there," he says. After five sessions, he stopped going. "I wouldn't want to go there again," he says, "but what else is there?/

填空题Work/life balance was the buzz phrase of the late 1990s. Apparently too many people who were cash rich and time poor were becoming fed up with the long hours culture and wanted more balance in their life. For students, the issue is not work/life balance but work/study balance. With ever increasing fees, working while studying is the norm for many students. Faced with potentially huge debts, some students may be tempted to take part time jobs that involve working lots of hours, but this may have a detrimental impact on their studies. University is more than just about getting a degree: extracurricular activities and a social life are also important. How can students balance studying with working part-time and also ensure that they do not miss out on university life? Develop a study plan Once you have your timetable, and an idea of when your assignments are due, develop a plan of the best times for you to study, whether this be evenings, mornings or weekends. This will help you determine which hours and days you can work. 41. Choose a job that is flexible You may need time off from your job during exams or if you have deadlines for coursework, so choosing the right job, where the employer is understanding and willing to be flexible, is important. You can mention this at interview, but Brian Staines of Bristol University Careers Office says: "It may be better to wait until you have been offered the job, have worked for a while, and have had the opportunity to prove yourself before mentioning that you might need time off. " 42. Choose a job that fits in with your study pattern Working out your study pattern, i. e. whether you're at your best in the mornings, evenings or late. Some students are night owls preferring to study late at night, others are larks. 43. Don't take a job that's too demanding The type of job you look for will depend on your skill set. Apart from the usual student-type jobs, there are roles in offices which can be done at weekends and evenings-jobs such as being a presentation operator using PowerPoint or even evening and weekend secretarial work. 44.Be industrious in your search for work There may be part-time jobs available in call centers or as photocopy clerks in banks and law firms. 45.Know your limits There isn't a figure for the maximum number of hours that students can work before it impacts negatively on their studies since this will vary from student to student. However, Brian Staines says: "At Bristol, we believe that if students work more than 12 hours a week during term time, this could have a negative effect on their studies. We have a job shop at Bristol offering part-time jobs and all the jobs are a maximum of 12 hours. " Balancing part-time work with studying is a challenge that more and more students will face. "A part time job, which involves long hours, may help their finance in the short term but could have a negative impact on long-term job prospects if they don't get a good degree, "adds Brian. [A] "When you look for a job, it's best to start with working a few hours and then once you get used to the job and know how much you can cope with, you can increase the hours. It's always easier to increase rather than decrease the number of hours you work," says Cary Cooper, professor of psychology and health at Lancaster University Management School. [B] There may even be jobs in security, which give you the opportunity to study "on the job", perhaps on sit at an unoccupied building, so it's a good idea to cast the net a bit wider when looking for part-time work. [C] Although these jobs pay well, it may be a challenge to balance studying with these types of job. "A job develping PowerPoint presentations may be too mentally demanding and tiring because you will be looking at a screen most of the time, "says Cary. [D] "If students for example work 20 hours a week, then their work could suffer unless they are incredibly disciplined," he explains, "Also university is about more than just studying. Social time and extracurricular activities are also important." [E] Relaxation is also very important. [F] Some students may prefer to work a few evenings a week, others at weekends. "Although work is important, they need to find a job with hours that fit around their optimal times for studying rather than the other way round, "says Professor Cooper.

填空题没有一个缺乏专业知识的人有资格对这个专业中的问题做出判断。由于政治的诀窍不是遵守技术规则，而是通过学徒式的实践和经验积累所获得的洞察力和风格，所以只有老练的政治家才有资格去判断一项具体的政策是否对全体人民都公平。上述论证的最大弱点是?

填空题人们认为，20世纪80年代是一个具有被自私的个人主义破坏了社会凝聚力的时代，但是，这一时代特征在任何时代都有。在整个人类历史发展过程中，所有人类行为的动机都是自私的，从人类行为最深的层次看，即使是最无私的行为，对人类自身的存在来说也可以被看做是自私的。以下哪项表明了上述论证中的错误?

填空题一项研究把一组有慢性抑郁症的人与另一组在其他方面都一样但没有抑郁症的人进行了比较，发现有抑郁症的人明显具有更多的免疫系统失调症。研究人员的这一结果强有力地支持了这样一个假设：人的精神状况会影响身体对传染病的抵抗能力。如果以下哪项为真，会向研究员对其发现的解释提出最严重的质疑?

填空题现在似乎很清楚的是最初为教学使用的个人电脑所预言的重要角色还没有变成现实。只要留心一下在过去的一年中教学使用的电脑销售量的戏剧性下降，就可以证明时尚已过。以下哪项中的逻辑错误与上述论证中的最相似?

填空题旧式的美国汽车被认为是空气的严重污染者，美国所有的州都要求这种车通过尾气排放标准检查，不合格的车辆禁止使用，其车主被要求购买新车驾驶。所以，这种旧式美国汽车对全球大气污染的危害在未来将会消失。以下哪一项如果为真，最强地削弱了上文的论述?

填空题分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。 一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分。由于软实力是评判一个国家国际地位的要素之一，所以如何增强软实力就成了各国政府高度关注的重大问题。 其实，这一问题不难解决。既然一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分，那么，要增强软实力，只需搞好本国的文化建设并向世人展示就可以了。 文化有两个特性，一个是普同性，一个是特异性。所谓普同性，是指不同背景的文化具有相似的伦理道德和价值观念，如东方文化和西方文化都肯定善行，否定恶行；所谓特异性，是指不同背景的文化具有不同的思想意识和行为方式，如西方文化崇尚个人价值，东方文化固守集体意识，正因为文化具有普同性，所以一国文化就二．定会被他国所接受；正因为文化具有特异性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所关注。无论是接受还是关注，都体现了该国文化影响力的扩大，也即表明了该国软实力的增强。 文艺作品当然也具有文化的本质属性。一篇小说、一出歌剧、一部电影等等，虽然一般以故事情节、人物形象、语言特色等艺术要素取胜，但在这些作品中，也往往肯定了一种生活方式，宣扬了一种价值观念。这种生活方式和价值观念不管是普同的还是特异的，都会被他国所接受或关注，都能产生文化影响力。由此可见，只要创作更多的具有本国文化特色的文艺作品，那么文化影响力的扩大就是毫无疑义的，而国家的软实力也必将同步增强。

填空题根据所给的材料，写一篇600字左右的议论文，题目自拟。 1831年瑞典化学家萨弗斯特朗发现了元素“钒”。对这一重大发现，后来他在给他朋友化学家维勒的信中这样写道：“在宇宙的极光角，住着一位漂亮可爱的女神。一天，有人敲响了她的门。女神懒得动，在等第二次敲门。谁知这位来宾敲过后就走了。她急忙起身打开窗户张望：‘是哪个冒失鬼?啊，一定是维勒!’如果维勒再敲一下，不就会见到女神了吗?过了几天又有人来敲门，一次敲不开，继续敲。女神开了门，是萨弗斯特朗。他们会晤了，‘钒’便应运而生!”

填空题要变成一个器乐方面的专家，必须练习。如果一个人每天练习乐器3小时，他一定会变成一位器乐专家。所以，如果一个人是一位器乐专家，这个人一定每天至少练习3小时。以下哪项最准确地描述了上述推理中的缺陷?

填空题一位研究者发现，免疫系统活力低的人比免疫系统活力正常或者高的人在精神健康测试中的得分要低得多，研究者从这个实验得出结论认为，免疫系统防御生理疾病，也防御精神疾病。如果以下哪项为真，最严重地削弱了题干中研究者的结论?

填空题有听觉的不足6个月的婴儿能迅速分辨相似的语音——不仅是那些抚养他的人使用语言的声音。而年轻的成人只能在他们经常使用的语言中迅速地分辨这种声音。我们知道，生理上的听觉能力在出生后开始退化。所以，在婴儿与年轻的成人之间观察到的辨别听觉上相似语音能力的这种差别是由于听觉的生理退化所导致的。以下哪项最准确地概括了上文中的逻辑缺陷?

填空题妈妈：我多次提醒你把东西放回原处，免得再用时不好找，可你总是做不到。女儿：妈妈，在您眼里，我就没有做对的时候，难道我就真的像您说的那样一无是处吗?以下哪项对话中的逻辑错误与上述对话中的最相似?

填空题 作为我国中央银行的中国人民银行成立于（ ）年，其制度类型属于（ ）。

填空题张明发现在她演出之前喝热的加蜂蜜的菊花茶比不喝这种茶在唱高音咏叹调时会感觉更舒适，她由此得出结论说，要么是菊花茶，要么是蜂蜜含有某种营养素，这种营养素能帮助她更舒适地演唱女高音。以下哪项中的推论与上文张明的推论最相似?