结构推理尺码单

结构推理国际储备体系

结构推理特别提款权(SDR)(Special Drawing Right(SDR))

结构推理 回忆宏观经济学中国民收入的构成， (1)用消费C、投资I、政府购买G、进口M、出口X等变量表示： a.本国意愿购买的产品总量。 b.本国实际生产的产品。 c.本国意愿购买的产品中，由本国自产的产品。 d.本国意愿购买的产品中，由外国提供的产品。 e.外国所意愿购买的本国产品。 (2)当本国政府扩大支出G，而本国实际生产能力不变时，会出现怎样的情况？（无需考虑货币市场、外汇市场平衡） (3)如果没有对外经济交流，即没有进出口，且进口商品、出口商品和内销商品之间不可替代，那会出现怎样的情况？

结构推理行业间贸易(interindustry trade)

结构推理单位产品劳动投入(unit labor requirement)

结构推理产业间贸易

结构推理根据下列合同条款及审核要求审核英国伦敦米兰银行来证。 SALES CONTRACT Contract No.: 055756 Date: 21st July，2011 Seller: Shanghai Cereals and Oil Imp. Exp. Corporation Buyer: ABC Company Limited 36-36 Kannon Street London U.K. Commodities and Specification: Chinese White Rice Long-shaped Broken Grains (Max): 5/% Admixture (Max): 0.25/% Moisture (Max): 15/% Quantity: 30 000 metric tons with 10/% more or less at the sellers option Packing: Packed in gunny bags of 50kg each Unit Price: USD400 per M/T FOB stowed Shanghai gross for net Amount: USD12000000 (SAY TWELVE MILLION ONLY) Shipment: during OCt./NOv. 2011 from Shanghai to London with partial shipments and transshipment is allowed Insurance: To be covered by the buyer Payment: By Irrevocable L/C payable at sight for negotiation in China within 15 days after the shipment Midland Bank Ltd.， London AUG. 18th，2011 Advising Bank: Applicant: ABC Company Ltd. Bank of China Shanghai Branch Beneficiary: Amount: Not exceeding USD12000000 Shanghai cereals and oil Imp. Exp. Corp. Shanghai China Dear Sirs， At the request of ABC Co.， Ltd.， London， we hereby issue in your favour this revocabledocumentary credit No. 219307 which is available by negotiation of your draft at 30 days after sight forfull invoice value drawn on us bearing the clause: “Drawn under documentary credit No. 219307 ofMidland Bank Ltd.，”accompanied by the following documents: 1． Signed commercial invoice in 3 copies. 2． Full set of 2/3 clean on board bills of lading made out to order and bank endorsed marked“Freight Prepaid” and notify applicant. 3． Certificate of origin issued by AQSIQ. 4． Insurance policy for full invoice value plus 10/% covering all risks and war risks as per ICCdated JAN. 1st， 2009. 5． Inspection certificate issued by applicant. 6． Beneficiarys certificate fax to applicant within 24 hours after shipment stating contract number，credit number， vessel name and shipping date. Covering 30 000 metric tons Chinese White Rice Long-shaped Broken Grains: 5/% Admixture: 0.25/% Moisture: 15/% At USD400.00 per M/T FOB Shanghai， packed in plastic bags. Shipment from Chinese port to London during OCt./NOv. 2011. Transshipment is prohibited， partial shipment prohibited. This credit is valid for negotiation before DEC. 15th，2011 in London. Special Conditions: Documents must be presented for negotiation within 5 days after the date ofissuance of the bills of lading， but in any event within this credit validity. We hereby undertake to honour all drafts drawn in accordance with the terms of this credit. Theadvising bank is kindly requested to notify the beneficiary without adding their confirmation forMidland Bank Ltd.， London. It is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (2007 Revision)，International Chamber of Commerce Publication NO. 600. SIGNATURES

结构推理undertaking clause

结构推理问接补贴

结构推理国内汇票

结构推理发盘的撤回

结构推理简述一国货币贬值对进出口的作用。

结构推理11．现钞汇率

结构推理国际结算的法律环境

结构推理 欧盟提前实施新普惠制 （国际商报 2005 年3 月2 日报导）近日欧盟宣布，将原定今年7 月1 日启动的新普惠制提前至今年4 月1 日开始实施，以便使受到印度洋海啸影响的国家早日受益。根据新普惠制方案，斯里兰卡、泰国等国的部分商品将享受普惠待遇，中国16 大类50 章产品将全部“毕业”，工业制成品中只剩工艺品和收藏品继续享受普惠制待遇。欧盟的新普惠制方案使我方的受惠度大幅降低。中国是欧盟普惠制的受惠国，部分出口到欧盟的产品享有关税减免优惠。近年来中国对欧盟贸易顺差不断增加（2004 年贸易顺差370 亿美元），致使欧盟不断调整对中国的贸易政策。从1996 年开始，欧盟相继减少中国的“受惠”产品。目前，我出口工业品中的化学品、鞋类、玩具、家具、玻璃及陶制品、皮革及皮毛制品、游戏及运动用品等均已不再享受欧盟普惠制待遇，机电产品、塑料和橡胶、纸品、钟表等商品亦于4 月1 日“毕业”。 根据我国海关统计，2004 年我对欧盟出口的享受普惠制优惠工业品约700 亿美元，占对欧盟出口总额的65/%，按照进口国平均减免关税5/%计算，我企业将多缴纳进口关税达35 亿美元。由于其他受惠国的同类产品仍享受普惠政策，我家电、塑料及制品等优势产品出口竞争力将会削弱。为此，有关部门提出建议，要加强行业预警与协调。建议行业中介组织根据欧盟普惠制变化的特点，加强预警，提醒企业及早应对，减少不必要的经济损失。此外，要鼓励普惠制“毕业”的产业向享受普惠制的国家或地区转移。引导企业利用各给惠国的不同普惠政策，将在某一市场“毕业”的产品出口到其他给惠国市场，规避“毕业”机制对我国产品出口的负面影响。 问题：（1）什么是普惠制？普惠制的基本原则是什么？普惠制对发展中国家有何好处？ （2）欧盟出于何种原因，使中国的受惠产品不断“毕业”？中国如何应对中国在欧盟受惠产品不断“毕业”的趋势。

结构推理 简述国际直接投资的作用和经济影响。

结构推理什么是国际贸易地理方向?如何正确看待国际贸易地理方向的集中和分散?

结构推理相互倾销(reciprocal dumping)

结构推理贬值(devaluation)