填空题原核生物只有______种RNA聚合酶而真核生物有三种，每一种都有其特定的功能。聚合酶Ⅰ合成______，聚合酶Ⅱ合成______，聚合酶Ⅲ合成______和______。三种聚合酶都是具有多亚基的大的蛋白______。有些亚基是各种聚合酶共有的，有些只是某种聚合酶才有。最大的亚基与______的RNA聚合酶同源。

填空题 在B细胞的发育和分化过程中，早期膜上仅表达( )，成熟后表达( )和( )，受相应抗原激活后，膜上表达和分泌Ig可能转换为IgG或IgA、IgE等其他类别或亚类。

填空题DNA双螺旋稳定因素有______、______及______。

填空题核糖体中的________能够催化肽键形成，从而控制蛋白质合成。

填空题 决定基因表达组织和阶段特异性表达的DNA元件是( )，其作用方式与其在基因中的( )无关。

填空题常用断裂蛋白质多肽链中二硫键的方法有______法，常用试剂为______；______法，常用的试剂为______。

填空题为了提高重组DNA分子对E.coli的转化效率，通常可采取______处理和______。

填空题克隆策略有三层含义：①______；②______；③______。

填空题按照生物学功能的不同，可将脂质分为________脂质、________脂质和活性脂质。

填空题真核生物基因调控主要是在______水平进行的，是通过______和______复杂的相互作用来实现的。基因转录的______有启动子中的______和______及______。

填空题在乳糖存在的情况下，葡萄糖依然能够抑制乳糖操纵子的机制称为______阻抑。

填空题[A] Market Data[B] Market Prosperity[C] Secret of Success[D] Questions to Ask[E] Understanding Your Market[F] Market Research Successful small business expansions and new job formation lead the way in creating new markets, innovations and jobs that fuel economic growth and prosperity. In recognition of the importance of small business to a strong economy, the U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is pleased to help meet the information needs of existing business owners and aspiring entrepreneurs.41. ______ Your business will not succeed just because you want it to succeed. Determining if there is a market for your products or services is the most critical item of planning. Once you decide on your product or service, you must analyze your market--a process involving interviewing competitors, suppliers and new customers. Before you begin researching your market, however, you should take a brief, but close, look at your product or service from an objective standpoint. You should ask yourself the following questions: -- Is this product or service in constant demand? -- How many competitors provide the same service or product? -- Can I create a demand for my product or service? -- Can I compete effectively in price, quality and delivery? —Can I price my product or service to assure a profit? Once you are satisfied that these preliminary questions are answered, move on to performing your research.42. ______. It is extremely beneficial to investigate a market because the information gathered can increase your profit potential. Specifically, it: -- Indicates alternative sales approaches to your market. -- Provides a more accurate base for making profit assumptions. -- Aids in the organization of marketing activities. -- Assists in the development of critical short/mid-term goals. -- Helps establish your market's profit boundaries. Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs fail to complete this critical section of their business plan. Collecting research data can be frustrating unless you have defined your goals and organized the collection and analysis process. To prevent this from happening, you must plan how you will collect, sort and analyze the information. Maintain a notebook and file in which to store, organize and retrieve data as needed.43. ______. Your research should ask these questions.. -- Who are your customers? -- Where are they located? -- What are their needs and resources? -- Is your service or product essential in their operations pr activities? — Can the customer afford your service or product? — Where can you create a demand for your service or product? -- What areas within your market are declining or growing? -- What is the general economy of your service or product area?44. ______. Knowing your market requires an understanding not only of your product, but also of your customers' socioeconomic characteristics. This information will serve as a map in letting you know what is ahead. More market information can be found in, -- Library listings of trade associations and journals. -- Regional planning organizations' studies on growth trends. -- Banks, realtors and insurance companies. —Competitors. -- Customer surveys in your market area. Once you have obtained and analyzed this information, it will become the foundation of your business plan. Research information is important because it supports the basic assumptions in your financial projection--your reason for going into business.45. ______ To be successful, a small business owner must know the market. Market research is simply an orderly, objective way of learning about people--the people who will buy from you.

填空题RNA分子经凝胶电泳后按大小不同分开，然后被转移到一张硝酸纤维素膜(尼龙膜)上，同一放射DNA探针杂交的技术称______。

填空题染色体中参与复制的活性区呈Y型结构，称为______。

填空题噬菌体之所以被选为基因工程载体，主要有两方面的原因：①______；②______。

填空题在______条件下，互补的单股核酸链缔合成双股分子。

填空题据估计，单倍体人基因组包括50000个基因，如果每个世代每个基因的突变率为5×10-5，那么，每个个体中存在______刚产生的突变。

填空题核酸的基本组成单位是（ ），它们之间通过（ ）相连

填空题 在DNA复制过程中，连续合成的子链称为( )，另一条非连续合成的子链称为( )。

填空题构建基因组文库时连接方法主要是______；而构建cDNA文库，可用______或______。