问答题分析下列事例所包含的推理，并说明此种推理的作用。 1979年12月1日晚，在南京市火车站附近，一名妇女在上厕所时遭到一名30多岁男子的袭击和抢劫。公安人员在离现场不远处找到一件歹徒仓皇逃跑时掉落的一件罩着工作服的破棉衣。经仔细翻查，在工作服和棉衣口袋里发现微量的透明状屑粒，还有一张票价为4角的南京市郊公共汽车票。由此，公安人员推断，歹徒可能在生产或使用这种透明状屑粒的单位工作，并且是购买了这张车票

问答题Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandwriteanarticle.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethephenomenon;2)analyzethephenomenonandgiveyourcommentonit.

问答题“为了证实吸烟与肺癌的关系，美国弗来明心脏研究中心进行了大量的调查研究。统计资料显示：每多吸一支烟，肺癌的发病率就上升一倍。如果一个人每天吸两包烟，那么这个人比不吸烟的人得肺癌的几率高20倍。可见，吸烟与肺癌的发病有一定的因果关系。” 分析此例运用了何种探求因果联系的方法，说明理由并写出该逻辑方法的公式。

问答题下列议论过程是否包含着回溯推理?若包含，请指出它的前提和结论。 人类在攻克癌症中不断有新的发现：1969年12月，日本癌症研究会的管野晴夫博士用电子显微镜从经过培养的上咽喉癌细胞中找到了EB病毒。与此同时，爱知县癌治中心的伊藤洋平博士等人从白血病癌细胞中分离出了EB病毒。而美国国立癌研究所的阿尔夫博士等人也在骨癌患者的细胞中发现了该病毒。医学家们想，人类的癌症会不会是由病毒引起的呢?越来越多的事实

问答题请用欧拉图表示下列概念之间的关系。 A．中国 B．黄山 C．长城 D．旅游胜地

问答题(46) A "scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century. Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action) to the status of being wholly condemned. 47) If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic as they were by these "scientific" thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard: for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a rational being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a basis in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. 48) Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances--real or fictional--that are similar to our own circumstances. 49) Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears. Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the "scientific" view leaves out. If it is weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. 50) But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action must either be liars themselves or be very naive. Pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic. (447 words)Notes: rhetoric修辞学。discourse 论文，讲演，语篇。as it were 可以说是，姑且这么说。

问答题指出下列推理是演绎推理还是归纳推理，并简单说明理由。 1杨树能进行光合作用，槐树能进行光合作用，柳树能进行光合作用，所以，凡绿色植物都能进行光合作用。 2既然绿色植物都能通过光合作用把水和二氧化碳转化为糖类而放出氧，所以，梧桐树也不例外。

问答题一个正确的三段论，其大前提是特称否定命题，这个三段论的小前提和结论各是什么命题?它属于第几格?为什么?

问答题Directions:ThegraphsbelowshowthetypesofmusicalbumspurchasedbypeopleinBritainaccordingtosexandage.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题在“相容关系就是非全异关系，它包括全同关系、真包含于关系、真包含关系，交叉关系和差等关系”这段话中，关于“相容关系”的定义和划分是否正确?如不正确，违反了什么规则?犯了何种逻辑错误?

问答题马克思主义是不怕批评的。因为马克思主义是一种科学真理。如果马克思主义害怕批评，如果可以批评倒，那么，马克思主义就没有用了。 试指出上述论证的论题、论证方法。

问答题试分析以下省略三段论，要求：1指出它省略了哪一部分；2把它恢复成完整的三段论；3指出它属于哪一格；4分析它是否正确。 主观不就是好与人争论吗?所以，你主观。

问答题在学术讨论会上，老张说：“这篇论文颇有新意，是很有学术价值的。”老李说：“它的主要观点已有人讲过，并非有什么学术价值。”老王对张、李二人的意见都不赞同。老赵则认为，二人的看法都不是没有道理的。 请问老王和老赵的议论是否违反逻辑规律的要求?为什么?

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly;2)explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3)stateyourpointsofview.YonshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题“你的观点是错误的，我批评你的观点，我的观点必然正确；既然我的观点正确，那你的观点必错。” 这一论证违反什么规则?请简析之。

问答题以下三段论是否正确?如不正确，指出它违反了哪条规则。 无一天体是固定不变的，太阳是天体，所以，太阳是固定不变的。

问答题上海某宾馆来了A、B、C三位客人，现已知： ①如果A和B都来自北京，那么C就来自昆明； ②并非C来自杭州或昆明； ③只有B来自北京，C才不是来自杭州。 请问：A是否来自北京?写出推导过程。 设：A表示“A来自北京”，B表示“B来自北京”，C1表示“C来自昆明”，C2表示“C来自杭州”

问答题写出下列三段论的推理式，指出其格与式，并根据三段论规则说明其是否有效。 “并非所有细菌都有毒；并非所有生物都是细菌；所以，并非所有生物都有毒。”

问答题下列各题运用了哪种探求因果联系的逻辑方法?并说明理由。 1棉花能保温，积雪也能保持地面温度。据测定，新降落的雪有40％—50％的空气间隙。棉花是植物纤维，雪是由水汽在空中直接凝结而成的，彼此间很不相同，但它们都是疏松多孔的。可见，疏松多孔的东西可能有保温作用。 21942年2月，英国发现许多炮瞄雷达有时突然受到干扰，当时猜想可能是德国使用了某种反雷达的新式武器。可是，经过科学工作者多次研究，发现当