问答题Most marketing operations pay close attention to what young people are buying and thinking. Not Britain's political parties, however, for the simple reason that the under-30s are unlikely to go anywhere near a polling booth. In 1964, 11% of those aged 18 to 24 claimed not to vote, according to the British Election Study. At the general election last year that figure rose to 55%. 46. A report this week by Reform, a think-tank, suggests that this reticence is costing them dearly. Changes in government policy, it argues, have turned being young into a terrible bore. 47. There are already two powerful economic forces working against the so-called "IPOD generation" that are beyond the government's control. First, the ageing of the population is fast increasing the ratio of people in retirement to those of working age. So the young can look forward to handing over a rising proportion of their pay to support the oldies in their decline. Second, the cost of buying a house in places where people want to live has shot up beyond the reach of the young. In 1995 24% of all first-time homebuyers were under 25 ; today, less than 15% are, according to the Halifax, a bank. This much is uncontroversial. But the report also argues that the Labour government has made life worse for young people, in three ways. First, increased spending on health care has tended to benefit the old, who 'use the NHS more than the young. Second, tilting the tax and benefit system towards people with children has transferred money from the young to the middle-aged. Third, higher tuition fees are landing university graduates with hefty debts. 48．And the future doesn't look much better: the government's proposed pension reforms, along with the decline of defined-benefit company-pension schemes, make grim reading for the under-30s too. "These changes ought to have brought about a re-examination of the burden of taxation on this age group," says Nick Bosanquet of Imperial College London, one of the authors of the report, tie reckons that, after paying various taxmen and lenders, graduates take home only around half of their salaries. The average for all salaried workers is about three-fifths. Are things really that bad? When examined in a freeze-frame, being young does not look much fun financially. But welfare states are meant to transfer resources from the vigorous to the fragile. Some benefits are merely deferred: today's 25-year-olds will have babies and hip replacements one day. 49．And although people in their 20s and 30s tend to be heavily indebted this passes when they sink into their 40s and 50s, says Richard Disney of Nottingham University. Even so, the feeling that young people are being squeezed presents a political opportunity for the opposition parties. 50．David Willetts, the Conservative shadow education secretary, said in a speech last year that the young "could be forgiven for believing that the way in which economic and social policy is now conducted is little less than a conspiracy by the middle- aged" against them_. The Liberal Democrat commission on tax policy worried in August about inter-generational unfairness too. There will be more of such talk. For the Tories, it offers a way to discuss reducing spending without sounding as if they are merely the mouthpiece of the wealthy. It gives Lib Dem leaders a way to argue activists out of promising to out-spend Labour. And it might even persuade some of those gloomy 25-year-olds to vote.

问答题甲、乙、丙三人同时参加高考，结果只有一人考上。老师让他们三人猜谁考上了。 甲猜：乙考上了。 乙猜：丙考上了。 丙猜：我没考上。 老师听后说，只有一人没猜对，两人猜对了。请问谁考上了。

问答题已知：①若甲和乙都参加自学考试，则丙不参加自学考试。②只有乙参加自学考试，丁才参加自学考试。③甲和丙都参加了自学考试。 问：乙和丁是否参加了自学考试?请写出推导过程。

问答题“万事开头难，每种事情都是如此。所以，建立社会主义市场经济，开始也是困难的。” 分析其论证结构。

问答题用真值表方法判定下面这个推理是否有效。 如果是优秀的文艺作品就有较高的艺术性；标语口号式的文艺作品没有较高的艺术性；所以，标语口号式的文艺作品不是优秀的文艺作品。

问答题试简析下列反驳“人死为鬼”的两种方法的过程： 1人死为鬼，则一步一鬼，满路盈庭皆鬼。 2人死精脉竭，精脉竭尸体成灰。

问答题写出下列推理的形式结构，并分析其是否正确。 如果经济上犯罪，就要受到法律制裁；如果政治上犯罪，也要受到法律制裁；某人或经济上没犯罪或政治上没犯罪；所以，某人不会受到法律制裁。

问答题Directions: You are applying for a position as an English teacher. Write a letter to the Head of Foreign Languages Department to 1) introduce yourself, 2) give an account of your job experience, and 3) ask for a job interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题“一个人只有刻苦学习而又方法得当，他才会学有所成；小王学无所成；所以，小王或者未刻苦学习，或者方法不得当。”这一推理是否正确，如不正确，它违反了什么规则?犯了何种逻辑错误?

问答题如果说逻辑学就是研究推理有效性的学问,那么归纳逻辑是逻辑吗?以这个问题为基础,请您谈谈您对逻辑的理解。(15分)

问答题请用欧拉图表示“中国”(A)、“北京”(B)、“北京奥运会”(C)和“ 奥运会”(D)四个概念之间的外延关系(10分)。