单选题 女，45岁，左侧腰背部隐痛不适，请根据所示图像，选择最可能诊断 ( ) A、左肾未见异常 B、左侧单纯性肾囊肿 C、左侧多发性肾囊肿 D、左肾小肾癌 E、左侧小肾癌合并单纯性肾囊肿

单选题A．淋病奈瑟菌B．衣原体C．单纯疱疹病毒D．人乳为瘤病毒E．人免疫缺陷病毒

单选题 人胎盘不能直接合成的激素为（ ） A、孕激素 B、雌激素 C、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 D、松弛素 E、前列腺素

单选题A．血尿B．尿频、尿急、尿痛C．蛋白尿D．高热

单选题男性，42岁，餐后上腹隐痛4年，此次饱餐后突发上腹刀割样剧痛2小时，疼痛很愉扩散到全腹。体检：脸色苍白，出冷汗，体温36．5℃，脉搏96次／分，血压110／80mmHg，全腹压痛，反跳痛、肌紧张，以中上腹最明显，肠鸣音消失，白细胞12 000／mm 3 ，中性80％为协助诊断，首先应作哪项检查：( )(1988年)

单选题0．9％NaCl溶液和10％葡萄糖溶液对人细胞内液来说( )(1993年)

单选题Historically, the European Union has not bothered with funding much basic scientific research. Such activities have mainly remained the preserve of national governments, not least because giving scientists free rein can lead to discoveries that not only make money but ultimately enhance military might. That attitude is now changing. The European Commission proposes to establish a European Research Council (ERC) that would spend a maximum of 12 billion ( $14 billion) over seven years on" blue skies" research. While the plans are being generally welcomed by Europe's member states, their details are problematic. The proposed ERC is intended to make Europe more competitive. Europe has some first-class universities, scientific institutions and research organisations. But, the ERC's proponents argue, their activities are fragmented, so they are not reaching their full potential. In America, teams from across the country compete with each other for grants from the National Science Foundation. The proposed ERC is modelled on this scheme. It would award grants to individual research teams for a specific project, solely on the basis of scientific merit judged by peer review. If the ERC were created, scientists from across Europe would compete with each other for funds, rather than merely competing with their fellow countrymen, as happens at present. This compares with the limited funding for basic research that currently exists in the EU, which places its emphasis on collaboration between researchers. It is open only to researchers in a narrow range of disciplines chosen by the European Parliament and the commission. The ERC would be quite different, placing its emphasis on competition between researchers and leaving scientists themselves to decide which areas of science to pursue. Helga Nowotny, who chairs the European Research Advisory Board--an advisory body to the commission--says that winning a grant from the ERC could come to be seen as unmistakable recognition of research excellence. The quality of European research needs to be stepped up a notch. Between 1980 and 2003, Europe had 68 Nobel laureates in medicine, physics and chemistry compared with 154 in America. With competition from China and India, Europe's share could fall further. One of the reasons for Europe's relatively weak performance is thought to be a lack of genuine competition between Europe's researchers. Another is its poor ability to attract young people into a research career. Recent estimates suggest that Europe needs an extra 700,000 researchers if it is to meet its overall target of raising spending (private, national and EU) on research and development to 3% of GDP by 2010. Many young scientists leave Europe for America once they have finished their training. Dr Nowotny says the ERC could help here too. It could establish a scheme to give young researchers the opportunity to follow their own ideas and become independent at an earlier stage in their careers, encouraging talent to stay in Europe. The crucial issue now is whether the ERC will be able to set its own research agenda, free from the interference and bureaucracy of the commission and influence of member states. Last month,22 leading European scientists charged with shaping the ERC's scientific strategy met for the first time to start hammering out a charter and constitution. Serious concerns remain over the legal structure of the body. The final decision on the ERC's legal form, on a date yet unspecified, rests with the European Parliament and member states in the European Council. If both are genuine in their support for the ERC and Europe's aim of becoming more competitive, then they must find a way of keeping the ERC free from political interference. Europe would benefit from a competition for its best researchers which rewards scientific excellence. A quasi-competition that recognizes how many votes each member state is allotted would be pointless.

单选题关于肺癌的叙述，不正确的是

单选题预防甲状腺肿的碘化食盐，常用剂量为每10～20kg食盐中均匀地加入碘化钾或碘化钠A．1.0gB．2.0gC．3.0gD．4.0gE．5.0g

单选题食后15—30分钟，上腹饱胀，恶心呕吐，不含食物，呕吐食物，但有胆汁：

单选题肾损伤出现的主要临床症状，不包括

单选题男性，26岁，左膝持续性隐痛1个月余。查体：左小腿上端内侧略肿，压痛。X线摄片见左胫骨上端内侧有一肥皂泡样阴影，膨胀性生长，骨皮质变薄。

单选题女，30岁，间歇性右腰痛1年，尿常规示红细胞15个/HP，B超示右肾20mm结石伴右肾积水，进一步选择检查项目是

单选题下列关于休克的叙述，哪项是正确的A．通常在迅速失血超过全身总血量的10%时即出现休克B．失血性休克时，应首先快速输入10%～50%葡萄糖溶液，继之大量输血C．损伤性休克不属于低血容量性休克D．感染性休克多是革兰阴性杆菌所释放的内毒索引起的内毒素性休克E．感染性休克的治疗原则是首先控制感染

单选题 关于先天性全耳廓缺损下列何项是正确的 ( ) A、常伴有外耳道闭锁 B、内耳发育多不正常 C、中耳发育良好 D、听力不能借助于骨传导 E、不会伴发肾畸形

单选题关于雷诺综合征临床表现的叙述，下列哪项是正确的

单选题 女性45岁，无症状肉眼血尿二周，膀胱镜检查发现膀胱左侧壁有一1.0×1.2cm之菜花状肿瘤，蒂看不清，肿瘤周围之膀胱粘膜充血，最佳治疗方法应是： A、腔内化疗 B、放射治疗＋免疫治疗 C、膀胱肿瘤电灼或激光治疗 D、膀胱部份切除 E、膀胱全切除术

单选题33岁男性患者，夜尿增多、高血压2年，恶心、呕吐、厌食、少尿1周，血肌酐1070μmol／L，内生肌酐;除率为10.5ml／min。关于其内分泌激素的改变下列哪项是不对的