问答题小脑幕切迹疝的临床表现。

问答题试述运动系统慢性损伤的治疗原则。

问答题股骨颈骨折的常用分类有哪些?

问答题Our daily existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work many hours a day and we allow the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping. 46) The rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment. We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. 47) It is, I suppose, the decline of active play — of amateur sport — and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which have given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the population, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure "viewing" television programs, there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique. In addition, we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. 48) There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who have seen them. 49) It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it can properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work. Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living. Some of us work physically, tilling the land, minding the machines, digging the coal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing machines, teaching and preaching, managing and governing. 50) There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they consume our time, and leave us little leisure.

问答题What’s your earliest memory? Do you remember learning to walk? The birth of a sibling? Nursery school? Adults rarely remember events from much before kindergarten, just as children younger than 3 or 4 seldom recall any specific experiences (as distinct from general knowledge). Psychologists have floated all sorts of explanations for this “childhood amnesia”. The reductionists appealed to the neurological, arguing that the hippocampus, the brain region responsible for forming memories, doesn’t mature until about the age of 2. But the reigning theory holds that since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. Adults are struck with grown-up “schema”, the bare bones of narratives. (46)When they riffle through the mental filing cabinet in search of fragments of childhood memories to hang on this narrative skeleton, according to this theory, they don’t find any that fit. It’s like trying to find the French word in an English index. Now psychologist Katherine Nelson of the City University of New York offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. (47)She argues that children don’t even form lasting, long-term memories of personal experiences until they learn to use someone else’s description of those experiences to turn their own short-term, fleeting recollections into permanent memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them — hear Mom recount that days’ trip to the dinosaur museum, hear Dad re- member aloud their trip to the amusement park. Why should memory depend so heavily on narrative? Nelson marshals evidence that the mind structures remembrances that way. (48)Children whose mothers talk about the day’s activities as they wind down toward bedtime, for instance, remember more of the day’s special events than do children whose mothers don’t offer this novelistic framework. Talking about an event in a narrative way helps a child remember it. (49)And learning to structure memories as a long-running narrative, Nelson suggests, is the key to a permanent “autobiographical memory”, the specific remembrances that form one’s life story. (What you had for lunch yesterday isn’t part of it; what you ate on your first date with your future spouse may be.) Language, of course, is the key to such a narrative. Children learn to engage in talk about the past. The establishment of these memories is related to the experience of talking to other people about them. (50)In particular, a child must recognize that a retelling — of that museum trip, say — is just the trip itself in another medium, that of speech rather than experience. That doesn’t happen until the child is perhaps four or five. By the time she’s ready for kindergarten she’ll remember all sorts of things. And she may even, by then, have learned’ not to blurt them out in public.

问答题试述膀胱癌的临床分期?

问答题男性，76岁。既往有慢性便秘史。近期反复发作性腹痛、腹胀，突感腹痛、腹胀加重伴恶心4天，少有呕吐。肛门停止排便、排气2天。查体：显著不均匀腹胀，尤以左下腹为甚并可扪及囊性包块。

问答题肾癌的临床表现有哪些?

问答题男性，24岁，肛周持续疼痛3天，有时跳痛，行走坐卧加剧，不发热。局部检查：肛周明显红肿、灼热、触痛明显，左侧有波动感。问：本病初步诊断是什么?如何治疗?

问答题心脏的血供？

问答题简述慢性下肢动脉缺血的临床表现分期。

问答题简述石膏固定的特点及其适应证。

问答题简述甲状腺手术后出现呼吸困难和窒息的原因。

问答题患者男性，58岁，因右下肢疼痛、麻木2天入院，诊断为右下肢动脉血栓行取栓术，手术顺利，术后右下肢末梢循环恢复，但尿量逐渐减少，24小时尿量360ml，血生化HCO3-12mmol/L。

问答题与静脉血栓形成有关的因素有哪些?

问答题腰椎间盘突出症的手术指征有哪些？

问答题试述动静脉畸形的临床表现。

问答题试述脑损伤的分级。

问答题女性，21岁。晨起感上腹胃区不适，食欲不佳、全身乏力，低热。10小时后转移至右下腹疼痛。为确诊急性阑尾炎，在体检时应注意查哪一项体征?如患者尿中有红细胞，首先应注意与什么疾病鉴别?如术中见阑尾轻度肿胀、浆膜充血，并有少量纤维性渗出，其病理分型是什么?

问答题肾母细胞瘤的临床表现有哪些?