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单选题For health insurance, the United States has taken the road less traveled. The United States is the only rich country without universal health insurance. People in the United States spend the most, rely heavily on the private sector, and obtain care from the world's most complicated delivery system. While some supporters have expressed satisfaction, if not pride, in these remarkable qualities, others contend that the United States faces unique limitations in reforming health care. In her exceptional book,Parting at the Crossroads, Antonia Maioni compares the formation of the U.S. and Canadian health-care systems for the years 1930—1960. The United States and Canada are often considered the most similar of Western democracies. They share a common border, are wealthy, and have federal government. Their trade unions are only moderately powerful, and their populations are diverse and young. Nevertheless, their heath-insurance systems are nearly opposite. The United States relies on a mix of government plans. Targeted to the elderly and indigent, and employment based plans, which the government indirectly supports, Canada offers public health insurance to all qualified resident, with the private sector providing supplementary services in some provinces. Labor organizations became strong advocates for health-insurance reform in both countries. Their impact partially depended on political institutions and how other actors, particularly organized medicine, wielded them. Canada's governmental and electoral systems allowed labor to cooperate with a social democratic party in the Saskatchewan province, which established a universal program. The Saskatchewan program demonstrated universal insurance feasibility, spurring the dominant Liberals to introduce a national universal program. In contrast, the U. S. electoral system effectively precluded third-party formation, forcing organized labor to dilute its health-insurance goals because it was one of many interests represented by the Democratic Party. Maioni suggests that economic vitality is important for the future of both countries' systems, but the prognosis is uncertain. Despite recent concerns about the Canadian government's budgetary health, Maioni contends that widespread support protects universal insurance. Conversely, Maioni seems pessimistic about options for U.S. universal health insurance. Despite economic buoyancy, dissension will likely prevent reforms. Although a devastating econmnic downturn would make health finance difficult in either country, the U.S. system seems especially vulnerable. Employment-based insurance and Medicare both rely on labor market attachment. High, chronic unemployment could result in coverage loss and financial difficulties for employer insurance and Medicare, swelling the uninsured pool. Such a crisis could provide an opening for universal health insurance. In any case, whether the United States relies on the public or private sector, escalating health expenditures figure into budget of government, corporations, and families, the U. S. health care system's future may depend on Americans" willingness to devote more of their national income to health care.

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单选题心动周期中，左心室内压力最高时是在( ) A．心房收缩期末 B．等容收缩期末 C．心室收缩期末 D．快速充盈期末 E．快速射血期末

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单选题以下关于Ⅰ型超敏反应的描述，正确的是 ( ) A、主要由补体系统参与反应 B、主要由抗原抗体复合物参与反应 C、主要由IgG和IgM类抗体参与反应 D、主要由IgE抗体参与反应 E、以上都不是

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单选题急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎的电镜下形态特点是______

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单选题下列情况中，属于自身调节的是(1992年，1999年)

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单选题下列哪项是维持机体稳态的重要途径

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单选题关于疾病原因的概念下列哪项是正确的 A、引起疾病发生的致病因素 B、引起疾病发生的体内因素 C、引起疾病发生的体外因素 D、引起疾病发生的体内外因素 E、引起疾病并决定疾病特异性的特定因素

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单选题当肺泡与血液间气体交换出现轻度障碍时，往往表现为( ) A．CO2潴留明显，缺氧不明显 B．CO2潴留与缺氧均明显 C．CO2潴留不明显，缺氧明显 D．CO2潴留与缺氧均不明显 E．以上均不是

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单选题在某凝血功能障碍患者血浆中加入足量组织因子和Ca 2+ 后，血浆凝同时间仍明显较正常人延长。该患者可能缺乏下列哪种物质?

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单选题红细胞悬浮稳定性差会导致( )(2003年)

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单选题A．促进生长和精力恢复B．促进生长和体力恢复C．促进学习记忆和精力恢复D．促进学习与体力恢复

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单选题血吸虫虫卵引起的病变主要发生在

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