填空题 Na+的吸收对其他营养物质的吸收有何作用？

填空题神经纤维传导兴奋具有______、______、______和______等特征。神经纤维对其所支配的组织有______和______两方面作用。反过来，神经所支配的组织也能产生支持神经元的______。

填空题 在正常生理情况下，体内的控制系统绝大多数都是（ ）控制系统，而 （ ）控制系统仅有很少几个，且在病理情况下出现较多，可引起（ ）甚至导致机体死亡。

填空题 胃液的成分除水分外，主要有__________、__________、_________、__________、__________。

填空题As an adult I choose to flip pages, not channels. After four years of not watching the tube and two years of not owning one, the empirical evidence is in: My life is better without a TV. Here's why. TV consumes an enormous amount of time Let's do the math. According to a 2009 Nielson study, the average amount of time an American spends watching TV is around five hours per day! Five hours! Excluding time spent sleeping, this means the average person is spending a third of their day distracted or downright comatose. By extension, this works out to more than 3.5 months (15 weeks) of nonstop TV watching each year. (41) TV news is a poor way to be informed TV news justly receives much criticism. It has followed the path of professional wrestling: once genuine, yet now mostly for entertainment. (42) TV hinders the development of relationships (43) TV has too many commercials The average 30 minute slot of television programming has 8~9 minutes of commercials. (44) TV isn't that hard to get rid of You might think, "I couldn't possibly quit watching. "Firstly, you don't need to. There are alternatives, including downloading the show or watching it on DVD, both of which offer stop/play control with no commercial interruptions. Secondly, it's really not that hard to give up a show. They're not like nicotine. There's no chemical dependence. (45) TVs are the last non-portable relic For the most part we've managed to make our technology mobile. Now, don't get me wrong. I value entertainment and relaxation as much as the next person. There are shows I download and watch regularly, summing up to perhaps four hours per week. The truth is once you target a few specific shows and cut out commercials, there's really not that much to watch. So save time, learn something new, try something different, build your relationships, and for your own sake, turn off the TV. [A] Sure you might get disappointed the first time you're left out of a conversation about last night's episode, but you can offset this disappointment by telling people about how you learnt to hang glide instead. I've liked a lot of TV shows but I've never seen one that wasn't completely disposable at any given minute. [B] Internet and phone services are available almost everywhere. TVs, in contrast, are like the coil-corded phones of the past, keeping people cooped up indoors, glued to the couch. A stationary TV sets encourages a sedentary lifestyle that seldom serves us well. [C] Getting news from a rolling ticker (滚动新闻条) or a talking head is like going to a restaurant and waiting patiently to be served whenever the staff gets around to it. News should be ready on demand. With the Internet it is. With TV, you wait. If they have a story about a kitten caught in a tree, you endure it, lest you miss a minute of something that is actually relevant to you. [D] Based on our earlier calculations, this can work out to more than a month each year spent watching advertisements. Books have no advertisements. Even ads on the Internet can quickly be ignored if they're of no relevance. TV ads, in contrast, are time wasters that are forced upon you. [E] At one point I was able to recount my favorite episode word by word. By watching these repeats you don't even get to hear a unique joke or learn something new. TV reruns are time wasters, not only are you vegging out (慵懒发呆), you're also not taking in anything novel. [F] Time spent watching TV is time you're not enjoying quality experiences with friends and family. Instead of tube time, try something new and out of the ordinary with the people in your life. Play billiards. Fly a kite. Or just talk to each other.

填空题刺激引起组织发生反应必须具备三个条件，即______、______和______。

填空题肝硬化的类型有______、______、______、______等。

填空题 联合用药后果可能是药物原有作用的增加，称为（ ），也可能是药物原有作用的减弱，称为（ ）。

填空题 慢反应细胞是指①（ ）、②（ ）和③（ ）细胞，它们的动作电位0期去极化是由④（ ）内流引起的，去极化的速度⑤（ ）。

填空题 在血液中的主要运输形式是（ ），的主要运输形式是（ ）

填空题结核病基本病变的转化规律是______、______、______、______。

填空题排尿反射的初级中枢在______，高级中枢通过阴部神经影响尿道______的活动而控制排尿。

填空题下丘脑是较高级的调节内脏活动的中枢，能调节______、______、______、______、______、______等过程。

填空题消化道癌共同的肉眼类型有______、______、______。

填空题 试述机体缺氧时呼吸运动的变化及作用机制。

填空题 雌激素可使子宫内膜呈（ ）变化，孕激素可使子宫内膜呈（ ）变化。

填空题反馈调节控制有______和______两种类型。

填空题 当动脉血中浓度①（ ），浓度②（ ）或分压③（ ）时，均可使呼吸加深加快。

填空题前庭小脑的功能是______，脊髓小脑的功能是______，皮层小脑的功能是______，并与______及______的编制有关。

填空题根据形成的过程和条件不同，反射可以分为______反射和______反射两种类型。