填空题[A] Modern marketing is therefore a coordinated system of many business activities. But basically it involves four things: selling the correct product at the proper place, selling it at a price determined by demand, satisfying a customer's need and wants, and producing a profit for the company. [B] Because products are often marketed internationally, distribution has increased in importance. Goods must be at the place where the customer need them or bought there. This is known as place utility: it adds value to a product. However, many markets are separated from the place of production, which means that often both raw materials and finished products must be transported to the points where they are needed. [C] The terms market and marketing can have several meanings depending upon how they are used. The term stock market refers to the buying and selling of shares in corporations, as well as other activities related to stock trading and pricing. The important world stock markets are in London, Geneva, New York, Tokyo and Singapore. Another type of market is a grocery market, which is a place where people purchase food. When economists use the word market, they mean a set of forces or conditions that determine the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the demand for it by consumers. The term marketing in business includes all these meanings, and more. [D] In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales. The producer or manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product. Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services, such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks. [E] Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company. Instead of concentrating solely on product, the company must consider the desires of the consumer. And this is much more difficult since it involves human behavior. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem. Thus, demand and market forces are still an important aspect of modern marketing, but they are considered prior to the production process. [F] The modern marketing concept encompasses all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a different set of principles. It subscribes to the notion that production can be economically justified only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product, or what the market for the product is before production begins. This is very different from making a product and then thinking about how to sell it. [G] Raw materials requiring little or special treatment can be transported by rail, ship of barge at low cost. Large quantities of raw materials travels as bulk freight but finished products that often require special treatment, such as refrigeration or careful handling, are usually transported by truck, this merchandise freight is usually smaller in volume and required quicker delivery. Merchandise freight is a term for the transportation of manufactured good. Along all points of the distribution channel various amounts of storage are required. The time and manner of such storage depends upon the type of product. Inventories of this stored merchandise often need to be financed. Order: 41.______→D→42.______→43.______→44.______→45.______→A

填空题 简述动脉血压形成的因素。

填空题卵泡的发育，主要是在腺垂体分泌的______的作用下成熟的，成熟卵泡的排卵，是在腺垂体分泌的______作用下完成的。

填空题 活体解剖实验方法是指：将（ ）的动物某一功能系统、（ ）或组织，暴露于（ ）之下或置于实验仪器的准确控制之下来进行实验。

填空题机体活动的调节方式有______、______和______，其中最主要的调节方式是______。

填空题机体的蒸发散热可分为______和______两种。

填空题卵巢在卵泡期主要分泌______，而黄体期还分泌______。

填空题等容舒张期时，半月瓣______，房室瓣处于______状态。

填空题神经调节的基本方式是______，其结构基础称为______。

填空题 要产生一连串冲动，必须使两个刺激之间的间隔大于（ ），如果刺激之间的间隔恰好等于（ ），则只能传递依次冲动。

填空题急性肾炎综合征包括______、______、______、______、______、______等临床表现。

填空题全身动脉血压变动在______mmHg范围内时，肾血流量保持相对稳定，这是通过______调节的结果。

填空题 在致热原的作用下，视前区一下丘脑前部中的热敏神经元兴奋的阈值①（ ），体温调定点②（ ），导致发热。

填空题 机体组织接受刺激后发生反应的形式包括（ ）和（ ）。

填空题 肺牵张反射的感受器存在于______中，肺牵张反射的传入神经为_______。

填空题椭圆囊和球囊的适宜刺激是______，壶腹嵴的适宜刺激是______。

填空题溃疡病的病理组织学四层结构______、______、______、______。

填空题形成条件反射的基本条件是______刺激与______刺激在时间上的多次结合。条件反射的建立，实质上就是______刺激转变成______刺激的过程。

填空题平均动脉压等于______。

填空题最易发展为肝硬化的病毒性肝炎是______、______。