单选题主动脉瓣口面积为3．0cm 2 ，下列说法正确的是

单选题风湿性疾病首位的护理诊断（ ）

单选题下列选项中，不属于抗ENA抗体的是A．抗Sm抗体B．抗RNP抗体C．抗SSA抗体D．抗rRNP抗体E．抗dsDNA抗体

单选题A．幽门螺杆菌感染B．吸烟C．自身免疫D．胆汁反流

单选题 女性，35岁，反复皮肤出血点伴面色苍白二年，月经量增多。化验:RBC2.6×10的12次方/L，Hb78g/L，WBC4.0×10的9次方/L，血小板30×10的9次方/L。骨髓象:增生活跃，粒∶红=2∶1，可见到晚幼红，晚幼粒细胞，全片见巨核细胞3个。为明确诊断需进一步检查哪个项目? A、血小板抗体 B、血小板功能测定 C、多部位骨髓穿刺 D、骨髓祖细胞培养 E、周围血白细胞分类有无幼稚细胞

单选题关于肺萎陷反射，下列各项中错误的是 A.可防止肺不张 B.感受器阈值低、适应慢 C.感受器位于气道平滑肌内 D.可防止过深的呼气

单选题出现下列哪些变化应高度怀疑胃溃疡癌变

单选题患者，男，25岁。低热2周。查体：气管不偏，右侧胸部呼吸运动减弱，有下肺触觉语颤正常，叩诊呈浊音，肺泡呼吸音减低，未闻及湿啰音，左肺未见异常。

单选题在下列描述中，哪一项不符合高血压的病理变化( )(1997年)

单选题下列关于系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)继发性抗磷脂抗体综合征(APS)的概述，正确的是( )(2011年)

单选题A．多为单发病灶，以段叶分布B．常为多发病灶，两肺外带多见C．肺部病变继发感染所致D．肺结核空洞继发感染

单选题男性，60岁，4小时来持续性胸痛，阵发性加重，伴出汗，自服速效救心丸稍有缓解。既往有冠心病、高血压病史8年，发现糖尿病2年。入院查体：血压130/85mmHg，痛苦病容，双肺(-)，心律整，心率60次/分，第一心音低钝，腹部(-)。ECG显示I、aVL、V4～6导联ST段下移＞0.1mV，cTnT(+)。下列哪项治疗措施不合适A．静脉应用硝酸甘油B．皮下注射低分子肝素C．口服小剂量β受体阻滞剂D．口服阿司匹林或噻氯吡啶E．口服二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂

单选题 原醛症的病因中最常见的是 A、特醛症 B、醛固酮瘤 C、醛固酮癌 D、糖皮质激素可治性醛固酮增多症 E、迷走分泌的醛固酮增多症

单选题在慢性肾衰进行性恶化中起重要作用的物质是

单选题 下列关于胰性霍乱的说法哪一项是正确的? A、是感染霍乱弧菌引起的腹泻 B、是由于VIP瘤产生大量胃泌素而引起的 C、是由于胃泌素瘤产生大量VIP而引起的 D、属渗出性腹泻 E、临床上以水泻、低血钾、无胃酸或低胃酸为特征

单选题洋地黄中毒时，下列哪种治疗方法是错误的

单选题最常引起病毒性心肌炎的是

单选题 除外下列哪项因素，大肠癌的预后均较差? A、癌细胞分化程度差 B、青年大肠癌 C、进展癌有淋巴结转移者 D、病变局限于粘膜层及粘膜下层 E、有肠梗阻或穿孔者

单选题Good looks ,the video-games industry is discovering ,will get you only so far. The graphics on a modern game may far outstrip the pixellated blobs of the 1980s, but there is more to a good game than eye candy. Photo-realistic graphics make the lack of authenticity of other aspects of gameplay more apparent. It is not enough for game characters to look better—their behaviour must also be more sophisticated, say researchers working at the interface between gaming and artificial intelligence(AI). Today' s games may look better, but the gameplay is " basically the same" as it was a few years ago, says Michael Mateas, the founder of the Experimental Game Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. AI, he suggests, offers an" untapped frontier" of new possibilities. "We are topping out on the graphics, so what's going to be the next thing that improves game-play?" asks John Laird, director of the AI lab at the University of Michigan. Improved AI is a big part of the answer, he says. Those in the industry agree. The high-definition graphics possible on next-generation games consoles, such as Microsoft' s Xbox 360, are raising expectations across the board, says Neil Young of Electronic Arts, the world' s biggest games publisher. "You have to have high-resolution models, which requires high-resolution animation," he says," so now I expect high-resolution behaviour." Representatives from industry and academia will converge in Marina del Rey, California, later this month for the second annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment(AIIDE) conference. The aim, says Dr Laird, who will chair the event, is to increase the traffic of people and ideas between the two spheres. "Games have been very important to AI through the years," he notes. Alan Turing, one of the pioneers of computing in the 1940s, wrote a simple chess-playing program before there were any computers to run it on; he also proposed the Turing test, a question-and-answer game that is a yardstick for machine intelligence. Even so, AI research and video games existed in separate worlds until recently. The AI techniques used in games were very simplistic from an academic perspective, says Dr. Mateas, while AI researchers were, in turn, clueless about modern games. But, he says, " both sides are learning, and are now much closer." Consider, for example, the software that controls an enemy in a first-person shooter (FPS)—a game in which the player views the world along the barrel of a gun. The behaviour of enemies used to be pre-scripted: wait until the player is nearby, pop up from behind a box, fire weapon, and then roll and hide behind another box, for example. But some games now use far more advanced" planning systems" imported from academia. "Instead of scripts and hand-coded behaviour, the AI monsters in an FPS can reason from first principles, "says Dr. Mateas. They can, for example, work out whether the player can see them or not, seek out cover when injured, and so on. "Rather than just moving between predefined spots, the characters in a war game can dynamically shift, depending on what' s happening," says Fiona Sperry of Electronic Arts. If the industry is borrowing ideas from academia, the opposite is also true. Commercial games such as" Unreal Tournament", which can be easily modified or scripted, are being adopted as research tools in universities, says Dr. Laird. Such tools provide flexible environments for experiments, and also mean that students end up with transferable skills. But the greatest potential lies in combining research with game development, argues Dr. Mateas. "Only by wrestling with real content are the technical problems revealed, and only by wrestling with technology does it give you insight into what new kinds of content are possible, "he says.

单选题内皮细胞与白细胞粘着主要是由于( )(2001年)