填空题 肝疾病的凝血障碍原因有：______；______；______；______。

填空题 接触系统因子包括______；______；______和______。

填空题 关节活动受限见于______、______和______ 。

填空题 总RNA提取法中最常用的是______法。

填空题 在PCR反应中，导致非特异性扩增的因素包括______、______和______等。

填空题 造血微环境包括_____、_____、_____、_____以及_____。

填空题 儿童的管状骨，皮质为_______，骨髓腔为_____，远处骨皮质显示为_____，表面的关节软骨为_____。

填空题Will humans always be superior to machines? This statement actually consists of a series of three related claims: (1) machines are tools of human minds; (2) human minds will always be superior to machines; and (3) it is because machines are human 'tools that human minds will always be superior to machines. While I concede the first claim, whether I agree with the other two claims depends partly on how one defines "superiority," and partly on how willing one is to humble oneself to the unknown future scenarios. (41) After all, would any machine even exist unless a human being invented it? Of course not. Moreover, I would be hard-pressed to think of any machine that cannot be described as a tool. Even machines designed to entertain or amuse us—for example, toy robots, cars and video games, and novelty items—are in fact tools, which their inventors and promoters use for engaging in commerce and the business of entertainment and amusement. (42) And, the claim that a machine can be an end in itself, without purpose or utilitarian function for humans whatsoever, is dubious at best, since I cannot conjure up even a single example of any such machine. (43) As for the statement's second claim, in certain respects machines are superior. We have devised machines that perform number-crunching and other rote cerebral tasks with greater accuracy and speed than human minds ever could. However, if one defines superiority not in terms of competence in performing rote tasks but rather in other ways, human minds are superior. Machines have no capacity for independent thought, for making judgments based on normative considerations, or for developing emotional responses to intellectual problems. (44)Up until now, the notion of human-made machines that develop the ability to think on their own, and to develop so-called "emotional intelligence," has been pure fiction. Besides, even in fiction we humans ultimately prevail over such machines—as in the cases of Frankenstein's monster and Hat, the computer in 2001: A Space Odyssey. Yet it seems presumptuous to assert with confidence that humans will always maintain their superior status over their machines. In other words, machines will soon exhibit the traits to which we humans attribute our own superiority. (45) And insofar as humans have the unique capacity for independent thought, subjective judgment, and emotional response, it also seems fair to claim superiority over our machines. Besides, should we ever become so clever a species as to devise machines that can truly think for themselves and look out for their own well-being, then query whether these machines of the future would be "machines" anymore.[A] Recent advances in biotechnology, particularly in the area of human genome research, suggest that within the twenty-first century we'll witness machines that can learn to think on their own, to repair and nurture themselves, to experience Visceral sensations, and so forth.[B] The statement is clearly accurate insofar as machines are tools of human minds.[C] In sum, because we devise machines in order that they may serve us, it is fair to characterize machines as "tools of human minds."[D] It's hardly surprising that human-made machine can do the most works that belong to human before.[E] In fact, it is because we can devise machines that are superior in these respects that we devise them--as our tools—to begin with.[F] When we develop any sort of machine we always have some sort of end in mind—a purpose for that machine.

填空题 正常人12h夜尿量应小于_________，最高比重与最低比重之差不应少于______。

填空题 用于血浆蛋白制品的病毒灭活或去除的方法有：______、______、______、______、______等。

填空题 迄今为止，所发现的凝血因子共有_____种，包括_____和_____等。

填空题 细菌性脑膜炎时，脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）常见______，同功酶以________为主。

填空题 4倍信号处置技术是由4个相位同时接收_______，以提高图像_____。

填空题 泌尿系结石由多种成分组成，即_____、_____、_____、_____和_____等。

填空题 src家族的表达产物均具有______活性。

填空题 实验室中使用的分析方法包括：______、______和______。

填空题 SV40病毒基因组是______DNA，由5243bp组成。

填空题 眼神经经_____入颅，上颌神经经________入颅，下颌神经经________入颅。

填空题 判断是呼吸性还是代谢性酸碱失衡的最佳指标有（ ）。（ ）及（ ）等。

填空题 尿内B一羟丁酸、乙酰乙酸和丙酮总称为__________，当机体脂肪分解加速，导致该类物质氧化不全时，可使血肉浓度增高而由尿排出，称为_______。