单选题男，30，因骑跨于木凳上不能排尿5小时急诊，诊断尿道球部外伤，急性尿潴留，经导尿2次失败，下一步合理治疗是

单选题 尿潴留量超过多少毫升时，应放置导尿管持续引流（ ） A、100ml B、300ml C、500ml D、800ml E、1000ml

单选题女性，45岁，反复发作性头痛、心悸、恶心3年，发作是面色苍白，血压升高，最高时达240／135mmHg，平时血压正常。

单选题男，44岁，干咳、憋喘1个月余，拍胸片示右肺下叶肺不张，CT检查显示右肺门2．5cm×2．0cm占位，进一步行纤维支气管镜检查，发现右下肺支气管开口处圆形肿物，活检病理证实为小细胞肺癌，进行化疗2周期后，CT复查发现肿物消失，下一步的治疗措施是

单选题哪项是毕Ⅰ式胃大部切除术的优点A．适用于各种情况的胃十二指肠溃疡B．吻合口张力较小C．即使十二指肠溃疡未能切除，术后也能愈合D．术后胃肠道功能紊乱较少E．术后溃疡复发率较低

单选题女，55岁，健康查体时，胸片示左肺上叶近胸膜处直径1．5cm类圆形分叶状肿物，痰液涂片找到癌细胞，该患者诊断可能是

单选题早期直肠癌淋巴转移的主要途径是：

单选题急性心肌梗死病人多长时间内不施行择期手术

单选题A．窄谱抗生素 B．广谱抗生素 C．抑菌性抗生素 D．杀菌性抗生素

单选题腹部损伤后，作X线检查，发现腹膜后积气，应诊断为

单选题预防急性胰腺炎发生中，主要措施是（ ）

单选题 女，45岁，左侧腰背部隐痛不适，请根据所示图像，选择最可能诊断 ( ) A、左肾未见异常 B、左侧单纯性肾囊肿 C、左侧多发性肾囊肿 D、左肾小肾癌 E、左侧小肾癌合并单纯性肾囊肿

单选题A．淋病奈瑟菌B．衣原体C．单纯疱疹病毒D．人乳为瘤病毒E．人免疫缺陷病毒

单选题 人胎盘不能直接合成的激素为（ ） A、孕激素 B、雌激素 C、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 D、松弛素 E、前列腺素

单选题A．血尿B．尿频、尿急、尿痛C．蛋白尿D．高热

单选题男性，42岁，餐后上腹隐痛4年，此次饱餐后突发上腹刀割样剧痛2小时，疼痛很愉扩散到全腹。体检：脸色苍白，出冷汗，体温36．5℃，脉搏96次／分，血压110／80mmHg，全腹压痛，反跳痛、肌紧张，以中上腹最明显，肠鸣音消失，白细胞12 000／mm 3 ，中性80％为协助诊断，首先应作哪项检查：( )(1988年)

单选题0．9％NaCl溶液和10％葡萄糖溶液对人细胞内液来说( )(1993年)

单选题Historically, the European Union has not bothered with funding much basic scientific research. Such activities have mainly remained the preserve of national governments, not least because giving scientists free rein can lead to discoveries that not only make money but ultimately enhance military might. That attitude is now changing. The European Commission proposes to establish a European Research Council (ERC) that would spend a maximum of 12 billion ( $14 billion) over seven years on" blue skies" research. While the plans are being generally welcomed by Europe's member states, their details are problematic. The proposed ERC is intended to make Europe more competitive. Europe has some first-class universities, scientific institutions and research organisations. But, the ERC's proponents argue, their activities are fragmented, so they are not reaching their full potential. In America, teams from across the country compete with each other for grants from the National Science Foundation. The proposed ERC is modelled on this scheme. It would award grants to individual research teams for a specific project, solely on the basis of scientific merit judged by peer review. If the ERC were created, scientists from across Europe would compete with each other for funds, rather than merely competing with their fellow countrymen, as happens at present. This compares with the limited funding for basic research that currently exists in the EU, which places its emphasis on collaboration between researchers. It is open only to researchers in a narrow range of disciplines chosen by the European Parliament and the commission. The ERC would be quite different, placing its emphasis on competition between researchers and leaving scientists themselves to decide which areas of science to pursue. Helga Nowotny, who chairs the European Research Advisory Board--an advisory body to the commission--says that winning a grant from the ERC could come to be seen as unmistakable recognition of research excellence. The quality of European research needs to be stepped up a notch. Between 1980 and 2003, Europe had 68 Nobel laureates in medicine, physics and chemistry compared with 154 in America. With competition from China and India, Europe's share could fall further. One of the reasons for Europe's relatively weak performance is thought to be a lack of genuine competition between Europe's researchers. Another is its poor ability to attract young people into a research career. Recent estimates suggest that Europe needs an extra 700,000 researchers if it is to meet its overall target of raising spending (private, national and EU) on research and development to 3% of GDP by 2010. Many young scientists leave Europe for America once they have finished their training. Dr Nowotny says the ERC could help here too. It could establish a scheme to give young researchers the opportunity to follow their own ideas and become independent at an earlier stage in their careers, encouraging talent to stay in Europe. The crucial issue now is whether the ERC will be able to set its own research agenda, free from the interference and bureaucracy of the commission and influence of member states. Last month,22 leading European scientists charged with shaping the ERC's scientific strategy met for the first time to start hammering out a charter and constitution. Serious concerns remain over the legal structure of the body. The final decision on the ERC's legal form, on a date yet unspecified, rests with the European Parliament and member states in the European Council. If both are genuine in their support for the ERC and Europe's aim of becoming more competitive, then they must find a way of keeping the ERC free from political interference. Europe would benefit from a competition for its best researchers which rewards scientific excellence. A quasi-competition that recognizes how many votes each member state is allotted would be pointless.

单选题关于肺癌的叙述，不正确的是

单选题预防甲状腺肿的碘化食盐，常用剂量为每10～20kg食盐中均匀地加入碘化钾或碘化钠A．1.0gB．2.0gC．3.0gD．4.0gE．5.0g