单选题男，60岁，因胃溃疡合并反复大出血，行胃大部切除术。

单选题男，18岁，淹溺后呼吸心跳停止8分钟，心肺复苏后3天出现呼吸困难，气促，烦躁，面罩吸氧不能缓解。症状进行性加重，体温37．4℃，呼吸42次/分，心率120次/分，心律齐，双肺可闻及干啰音，胸片显示斑片状阴影，血压100/70mmHg，血气分析Pa(1)250mmHg，PaCO 2 30mmHg，氧合指数(PaO 2 /F i O 2 )180mmHg。

单选题术后腹胀主要是由于A．细菌产生的气体B．腹膜后血肿C．组织代谢产生的气体D．血液内气体弥散到肠腔内E．咽下的空气积存在肠腔内过多

单选题利多卡因用于局部浸润麻醉或神经阻滞时，成人一次限量为( )(2005年)

单选题患者，男性，54岁，间歇性无痛性肉眼血尿3个月，左上腹部可触及肿块，随呼吸活动，轻度压痛。逆行肾盂造影发现左肾盂肾盏拉长变形。首先应考虑为

单选题下列关于肛裂的叙述，哪项是正确的A．肛裂是肛管部深达肌层的小溃疡B．肛裂、前哨痔和齿状线上相应的乳头肥大称为肛裂“三联症”C．主要症状是排便时出血D．绝大多数发生在肛管前正中部E．手术切除肛裂是治疗急性肛裂惟一有效的方法

单选题There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.

单选题男，50岁，右背部皮肤红肿3天，中央多个脓点，范围约4cm，界限不清，疼痛较剧，畏寒，发热，最可能的诊断是

单选题下述哪一种适于采用经腹显露肾脏

单选题胆囊切除时，胆总管探查指征不包括：

单选题直肠手术时，要保持正常的排便功能，需要至少保留多长与肛管相连的直肠

单选题A．手术治疗为主B．非手术治疗为主C．先用非手术治疗必要时采取手术D．必须手术治疗E．中医中药治疗

单选题 子宫内膜异位症重要的临床特点是（ ） A、不规则阴道出血 B、腹痛、腰痛 C、进行性加重的痛经 D、肉眼血尿 E、恶心、呕吐伴肛门坠胀

单选题男，40岁，烧伤后3小时入院。疼痛剧烈，感口渴。面色苍白，心率150次/分，BP85/65mmHg，头颈部，躯干部布满大小不等水疱，可见潮红创面。两上肢呈焦黄色，无水疱。

单选题引起儿童肾病综合征的最常见肾小球疾病是A．脂性肾病B．新月体性肾炎C．IgA肾病D．节段性肾炎E．弥漫增生性肾炎

单选题下列有关腹痛性质与疾病的关系中，哪项是错误的A．间歇性刺痛——胆总管结石B．阵发性绞痛——输尿管结石C．阵发性钻顶痛——胆道蛔虫症D．剧烈刀割样痛——十二指肠溃疡穿孔E．持续性胀痛——实质性脏器发炎

单选题关于自体输血，下列哪种说法是错误的( )(1999年)

单选题 临床上最多见的腹外疝是（ ） A、股疝 B、斜疝 C、直疝 D、切口疝 E、白线疝

单选题关于腹股沟嵌顿疝手法复位的叙述，下列哪项不正确A．疝块大、腹壁缺损较大、疝环较松者可试行手法复位B．年老体弱或伴其他严重疾病的嵌顿疝病人，估计肠管无绞窄者，可试行手法复位C．嵌顿时间在3～4小时以内，尚无腹膜刺激征者可试行手法复位D．手法复位后，仍需继续观察腹部情况E．手法复位方法简便，避免了手术之苦，应该大力推荐

单选题 对于胞内寄生虫的免疫逃逸机制，下列哪一项错误（ ） A、虫体抗原脱落 B、避免呼吸暴发 C、对抗氧自由基 D、抑制溶菌酶 E、下调MHCⅡ类分子