单选题On the eve of global warming negotiations, scientists from several Western nations are clamoring for a crash program to develop clean energy that would rival the Manhattan Project and the Apollo mission to the moon. Writing in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature, scientists from North America and Europe predicted that global warming will soon become the environmental equivalent of the Cold War as the world's increasing reliance on fossil fuels releases more carbon dioxide and other heattrapping pollutants into the atmosphere. The 11 scientists urged negotiators at environmental talks scheduled to begin Nov. 2 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to push for a mobilization of scientific resources to develop alternative forms of energy, such as solar, wind and nuclear power. "Developing and commercializing carbon-flee power technologies by the mid-21st century could require efforts, perhaps international, pursued with the urgency of the Manhattan Project or the Apollo space program," said Martin Hoffert, a physicist at New York University. Only 20% or less of today's energy use comes from carbon-free sources. The Nature paper is unusual because it contains broad policy recommendations. Normally, the journal publishes straightforward scientific studies. Last year, governments meeting in Kyoto, Japan, agreed to emission reductions by the United States, Japan, the 15-nation European Union and 21 other industrial nations. The nations are to cut their output of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2012. This year, negotiators for 166 nations are meeting to determine how each country will achieve the reductions. To some, rising annual average temperatures in the 1990s amount to early proof that global warming has arrived and that the current treaty won't protect nations from climatic upheaval during the 21st century. Some scientists said global warming is inevitable and no amount of effort—not even a crash program—will prevent it. "We will experience a substantial amount of further climate change even if we make huge cuts in emissions," said Martin Parry of University College in London. Others said there are many ways of reducing global warming without mobilizing scientists worldwide. Energy conservation and efficiency, such as greater use of cleaner-burning natural gas and nuclear power, might be a cheaper solution, they say. Smokestack and tailpipe controls, as well as planting trees, can reduce pollution, too. Countries can also provide utilities with financial incentives to invest in experimental technologies. Even optimists at the meeting agreed that demand for crude oil will outstrip production by 2020 and that worldwide reserves will be exhausted by 2100. Oil shortages and higher prices will make the world a more dangerous place, they warned.

单选题患者，男性，26岁，24年来尿频、尿急、尿痛，有时尿混浊，伴终末血尿，一般抗生素无效。尿液检查：脓球40～50个／HP，红细胞20～30个／HP，蛋白(＋)。最适宜的检查方法是

单选题A．饱餐或食油腻食物后右上腹持续性疼痛，严重有畏寒、高热B．腹痛、寒战高热和黄疸(Charcot三联征)C．腹痛、寒战高热、黄疸、休克和精神症状五联征D．突然发作的剑突下钻顶样绞痛，阵发性加重

单选题嵌顿疝和绞窄疝的主要区别是

单选题由肠壁一部分构成了疝内容的疝，称为A．滑疝B．Richter疝C．Lirrte疝D．直疝E．股疝

单选题A．胃左动脉B．胃右动脉C．胃短动脉D．胃网膜左动脉E．胃网膜右动脉

单选题A．立即封盖伤口，包扎固定B．清创缝合伤口，并做闭式引流C．气管内插管，辅助呼吸D．气管切开，充分供氧

单选题患者，男性，26岁，24年来尿频、尿急、尿痛，有时尿混浊，伴终末血尿，一般抗生素无效。尿液检查：脓球40～50个／HP，红细胞20～30个／HP，蛋白(＋)。该病人经检查，诊断“左肾结核”，住院后体检：双肾未触及，肾区无压痛及叩击痛。最可能的发现是

单选题多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的常见病因是

单选题诊断骨髓瘤时，下列哪项是不恰当的

单选题 小儿头颈部全部烧伤应占体表面积的百分之几 ( ) A、9/% B、[9+(12－年龄)]/% C、12/% D、18/% E、9/%+年龄

单选题患者男性，34岁，一周前曾感冒低热两天，近三天来发现下肢浮肿，血压20/12kPa(150/90mmHg)，尿蛋白(+++)，尿沉渣镜检红细胞20～40个/高倍视野，颗粒管型偶见，血红蛋白98g/IJ，A/G2.2/2.4，最可能的临床诊断为A．急性肾炎B．慢性肾炎，急性发作C．慢性肾盂肾炎，急性发作D．隐匿性肾炎E．狼疮性肾炎

单选题A．局部麻醉 B．骶管阻滞C．腰麻 D．硬膜外麻醉E．气管插管全麻

单选题有关伤寒杆菌性骨髓炎的诊断哪项是不恰当的

单选题A．脾腔分流术B．脾肾分流术C．门腔分流术D．肠系膜上、下腔静脉分流术

单选题 闭合性颅脑外伤，最常引起急性脑受压的病变是 A、颅底骨折 B、脑挫裂伤 C、颅内血肿 D、蛛网膜下腔出血 E、肺部并发症

单选题 有一位43岁，男性腹股沟斜疝病人，请指出下述哪一项有关腹股沟管的解剖是错误的? A、腹股沟管有内，外两口和前，后，上，下四壁 B、内口即腹环，是腹外斜肌腱膜的一个三角形裂隙 C、外口即外环或皮下环 D、腹股沟管位于腹前壁下部，腹股沟韧带内上方 E、腹股沟管内的内容，男性为精索，女性为子宫圆韧带

单选题男性，30岁，饭后劳动时突然上腹部持续性剧痛，向背部放射，频繁呕吐，起病后12小时急诊入院。查体：体温37．8℃，脉搏120次／分，血压86／60mmHg，脐左上方可扪及一局限包块，局部肌肉稍紧张。实验室检查：WBC 18．2×10 9 ／L，中性粒细胞86％，血清淀粉酶126索氏单位。腹部透视：可见突出孤立肠袢，大的气液平面。其诊断最可能是

单选题各类器官移植中疗效最稳定和最显著的是

单选题关于动脉栓塞的特点，下列哪项不正确