多选题女性，12岁。1年前无意中发现双肩背部不等高，后逐渐明显。X线片显示胸椎侧凸畸形，Cobb角25°，临床诊断为特发性脊柱侧凸。

多选题女性，82岁。上腹痛、尿黄1周，1天来寒战、高热。有高血压、糖尿病病史，药物控制，半年前心肌梗死。查体：T39．5℃，P120次／分，BP96／82mmHg，神志淡漠，皮肤、巩膜黄染，右上腹部压痛，Hb 115g／L，WPC 22×10 9 ／L。B超提示肝内外胆管扩张，胆囊增大，胆总管远端显示不清。

多选题继发性腹膜炎的致病菌有

多选题 脾切除的常见并发症有（　　） A、上消化道出血 B、膈下感染 C、血栓一栓塞性并发症 D、腹腔内大出血 E、胸腔积液

多选题先天性胆道闭锁的特点是

多选题胆囊结石病人行胆总管探查术的指征是

多选题男性，40岁，因贫血输全血5分钟后出现寒战、高热、腰痛，心前区压迫感，全身散在荨麻疹，血压80／60mmHg，尿呈酱油色。

多选题有关脊柱结核和脊柱恶性肿瘤的区别，下列各项哪些是恰当的

多选题 处理嵌顿疝时，下列描述正确的是（ ） A、“切勿把活力可疑的肠管送回腹腔 B、逆行嵌顿者应仔细检查腹内肠袢 C、作肠切除肠吻合者宜同时作疝修补术 D、术中发现自行复位者仍应检查腹内曾被嵌顿过的肠管 E、年龄大者均应手法复位

多选题 外鼻软组织的层次结构 ( ) A、皮肤 B、浅筋膜 C、深筋膜 D、肌肉 E、鼻背筋膜

填空题 确诊急性脓胸的最好方法是（ ）。

填空题 典型的腹外疝由_______、_______和_______等组织组成。

填空题 膈下脓肿常用的手术切开引流途径有（ ）和（ ）两种。

填空题 鞘膜积液分为____________、_____________、___________________、____________四大类型。

填空题 弹响指(如图)是指手指的_______。

填空题 急性腹膜炎发生严重休克的原因是________和________。

填空题 输尿管损伤的原因大多为________。手术中怀疑输尿管损伤时，由静脉注射________可见________色尿液从输尿管裂口流出。

填空题[A] Knight acknowledges the challenge. "We have to be beautiful as well as big. It's no mean feat," says Scott Bedbury, former global ad chief for Nike. "The worst ease scenario would be to become Microsoft," says Kevin Keller, a marketing professor at Duke. Best ease: be like Coea-Cola. "They're everywhere, but no one seems to resent them for it. " [B] One answer is to play down the Swoosh, and some Nike watchers say it will do just that. Nike is marketing new products, including its ACG (All Condition Gear) line for hiking and outdoor styles. [C] Last week was particularly glum at Nike's headquarters in suburban Portland. Managers had warned of layoffs but hadn't revealed any names. On Wednesday, 250 employees were told to pack up their desks, while stunned colleagues looked on. [D] Phil Knight doesn't speak in public very often. And when you hear from him these days, he doesn't sound happy. Talking to Wall Street analysts from his Oregon headquarters last week, the founder and head of Nike Inc. didn't mince words: "This is a dark day around these halls. " [E] Yet Nike is now facing a marketing conundrum: can you be big and cool? When Teenage Research Unlimited did its latest survey, 40 percent of kids named Nike as one of the " coolest" brands, down from 52 percent just six months ago. Kim Hostetler of Paper, a New York magazine, says that the coolest things around now are brilliantly colored suede sneakers by New Balance. Even Adidas, torpedoed by Nike and Reebok in the [980s, is staging a comeback. [F] Knight's problems would worry any CEO: a stock price that has slid to the bottom from the top, a plunge in profits and warehouses lull of shoes that aren't selling. But most critical is a price war that has sliced U. S. sales and is a sign that Nike's lock as the champion of "cool" may be weakening. Although Nike prides itself on technical innovation, losing its cool would be tantamount to losing the game. [G] At most corporate offices, that scene, though painful, wouldn't be cataclysmic, but for Knight and his employees, even a setback bears the agony of defeat. Nike rose about as high and fast in the 1990s as any company can. It took on a new religion of brand consciousness and broke advertising sound barriers with its indelible Swoosh, "Just Do It" slogan and deified sports figures. Nike managed the deftest of marketing tricks: to be both anti-establishment and mass market, to the tune of $ 2 billion in sales last year. Order: [D]→41. ______ →42. ______ →43. ______ →44. ______→45. ______→[B]

填空题 胃溃疡的发生与胃黏膜屏障破坏有关，胃黏膜屏障包括______________、_______和_______。

填空题 狭颅症的手术治疗有两种方式，一是__________________、二是__________________。