问答题Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. (46)This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. (47)Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill — the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. (48)It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. (49)On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. (50)In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness and well-being.

问答题试比较普济消毒饮和仙方活命饮在药物、功效和主治方面的异同点和用药特点。

问答题简述六味地黄丸主治何证?方药配伍特点如何?

问答题简述固涩剂的分类、适应证及代表方剂。

问答题半夏厚朴汤为什么能治梅核气？半夏、厚朴在方中有什么作用？

问答题写出补阴基础方的方名、组成、功效、主治以及由其加减变化的四首衍生方。

问答题一贯煎与逍遥散均治肝郁胁痛，其用药、功用、主治有何不同？

问答题生脉散与王氏清暑益气汤均治暑热耗伤气津证，两方有何异同？

问答题简述半夏在半夏白术天麻汤、半夏泻心汤、半夏厚朴汤中的作用及其主要配伍关系。

问答题简述乌梅丸、理中安蛔汤、连梅安蛔汤的异同点。

问答题简述大黄于茵陈蒿汤、八正散、大黄附子汤、十灰散中的作用。

问答题简述清热剂的分类、适应证及代表方剂。

问答题陈皮在平胃散、橘皮竹茹汤、补中益气汤、异功散中的配伍意义有何不同？

问答题试述温里剂的注意事项。

问答题治六郁证的越鞠丸何以不用解痰郁之药，且以香附为君药呢？

问答题定喘汤与小青龙汤两方主治及配伍意义有何异同？

问答题试将安宫牛黄丸、至宝丹、紫雪丹三方的功用及适应证候作一简单比较。

问答题小建中汤与桂枝汤在立法、组成及功用、主治方面有何异同？

问答题三承气汤在组成、功效、主治、配伍上的异同点是什么？

问答题比较白虎汤与竹叶石膏汤在组成、功用、主治及药物配伍方面的异同。