问答题组织变革过程包括哪些阶段?变革过程中可能遇到哪些阻力?如何克服这些阻力?

问答题根据组织文化理论，分析隐性文化对组织成长的作用。(东财2008年研)

问答题与物料需求计划相比，制造资源计划(MRPⅡ)有何改进?

问答题分权与集权

问答题简述组织环境的分类。

问答题2006年，党中央国务院提出要建立创新型社会的战略主张，其核心是要把增强自主创新能力作为发展科学技术的战略基点，走中国特色自主创新道路，并把增强自主创新能力作为国家战略。贯穿到现代化建设各个方面，激发全民族创新精神，培养高水平创新人才，形成有利于自主创新的体制规制，大力推进理论创新、制度创新、科技创新。请运用管理学理论知识简述一个企业如何才能激发创新?(中山大学2007年研)

问答题XXL no more! For more than a decade，McDonald’s was the leader in pi 0 neering what it thought customerswanted larger and larger portions．Although its menu had remained relatively stable，McDonald’s management was always looking for ways to improve sales and fend off strong competition from the likes of Wendy’s and Burger King．It would also peri 0 dically add icons to its menu to address small changes in people’s fast—food desires，but these items often met with additional competition from other fast—food restaurants such as Taco Bell or even Subway，The one thing that McDonald’s did to boost sales and create a marketing comp was the addition of the Supervised Meal Starting in the early 1 990 s，customers at McDonald’s could add to their meal an extra large order of French fries. by simply saying“super—size it”Nearly one in 1 0 customers took advantage of the company’s offer to“super—size”their meal for just 39 cents． But since this expanded offering hits shoes，McDonald’s has come under fire．Public concern with the raining of America was often focused on McDonald’S．The company’S primary products were high in fat content，high in calories，and high carbohydrates．Public pressure was mounting to the point that individuals sued McDonald’s for causing their physical ailments brought about from obesity．Libeled to the nicotine controversy surrounding cigarette smoking，lawyers were trying to make the connection that eating McDonald’s food was addictive and—a primary cause of obesityespecially among young people．Criticism reached its height early in 2004，when the effects of eating McDonald’s food were the subject of an award winning documentary．In it，the producer chronicled its 30一day effects of eating only McDonald’s food for all of his meals．At the end of the mouth—long experiment the individual spoke of his deteri 0 rating health dhe solely to eating this fast food and the 24 pounds he gained during this them frame． Charges in public health consci 0 usness and competitive pressures，along with this documentary film，led McDonald’s to announce in March 2004 that it would eliminate all supervised offerings．McDonald’s management claims that such action was warranted to simplify its menu offering and to promote efficiency in the organization．Additionally，McDonald’s has also begun altering its menu offerings．It now offers salads as an entire meal，and has reduced the fat content of its milk from 2 to1 percent，and is attempting to promote itselt as being more health consci 0 usl． McDonald’s action was largely driven by the reality that its sales had plummeted，as had its stock price．Competition from“health—friendly”alternatives was having a major effect on the company’s revenues．McDonald’s was losing market share and something had to be done．The company’s announcement of the elimination of the supervised option and the addition of healthier substances is being viewed as a move that is entirely responsive to the changing market environment——something that executives at Burger King and Wendy’s are watching very closely． 问题： 　　 1．请分析环境是如何迫使McDonald’s停止“supervised Meal”计划的?用图表描述出：McDonald’s的这一决策过程并简单加以说明。 　　 2．请辨析主战略的几种类型。结合文中内容分析说明McDonald’s采用的是哪种战略类型。

问答题管理变革的基本方法。(北师2004年研)

问答题论说文 “得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚畔之；多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。” ——《孟子·公孙丑下》 请以“得道与失道”为话题，自拟题目，写一篇700字左右的论说文。

问答题全面质量管理(暨南大学2011年研；中南财大2009年研)

问答题投资活动的现金流量是如何构成的？

问答题保健因素

问答题论说文 黑熊和棕熊喜食蜂蜜，都以养蜂为生。它们各有一个蜂箱，养着同样多的蜜蜂。有一天，它们决定比赛看谁的蜜蜂产的蜜多。 黑熊想，蜜的产量取决于蜜蜂每天对花的“访问量”。于是它买来了一套昂贵的测量蜜蜂访问量的绩效管理系统。在它看来，蜜蜂所接触的花的数量就是其工作量。每过完一个季度，黑熊就公布每只蜜蜂的工作量；同时，黑熊还设立了奖项，奖励访问量最高的蜜蜂。但它从不告诉蜜蜂们它是在与棕熊比赛，它只是让它的蜜蜂比赛访问量。 棕熊与黑熊想得不一样。它认为蜜蜂能产多少蜜，关键在于它们每天采回多少花蜜，花蜜越多，酿的蜂蜜也越多。于是它直截了当告诉众蜜蜂：它在在和黑熊比赛看谁户的蜜多。它花了不多的钱买了一套绩效管理系统，测量每只蜜蜂每天采回花蜜的数量和整个蜂箱每天酿出蜂蜜的数量，并把测量结果张榜公布。它也设立了一套奖励制度，重奖当月采花蜜最多的蜜蜂。如果一个月的蜜蜂总产量高于上个月，那么所有蜜蜂都受到不同程度的奖励。 一年过去了，两只熊查看比赛结果，黑熊的蜂蜜不及棕熊的一半。 请就上述材料分析黑熊失利的原因，不超过700字。

问答题论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评述。(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念及主要概念界定和使用的准确性及前后是否互相矛盾，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论据是否支持结论，论据的成立条件是否充分。还要注意逻辑结构和语言运用。) 世界黄金协会提供的资料显示，黄金储备在1000吨以上的国家和组织有美国、德国、法国、意大利、瑞士及国际货币基金组织，其中美国的黄金储备居世界之首，约8100吨。而目前我国黄金储备只有600吨左右，从绝对数量上看明显是极端偏低的。另外，目前我国黄金储备量和在国际储备中的比率，也明显低于国际上主要发达国家水平。目前美国黄金储备约占其国际储备的56%。世界黄金储备前十位的国家，也占各自国家国际储备的30%左右。相比之下，我国黄金储备仅占国际储备的2%以下，可见我国的黄金储备及占国际储备的比率明显较低。 而另一方面，近年来，我国外汇储备不断高位攀升，今年已达万亿美元，占整个国际储备的85%以上。在当前美元在国际市场上出现较大幅度的贬值、黄金价格不断攀升的情况下，中国巨额外汇储备面临巨大的汇率风险，人民币汇率也存在升值压力。今年年初，国际货币基金组织警告说，美国欠其他国家的债务将占自身经济总量的40%，这对一个主要工业化国家来说是前所未有的比例，有可能造成对美元价值的恐慌和全球汇率的混乱。在国际恐怖事件频繁发生、美元疲软、世界性通货膨胀难以消除的情况下，黄金的投资避险功能重新显现。在此背景下，我国政府应尽快在未来一两年里抛售作为外汇储备的美元，以便黄金储备规模扩大达到3000吨，改善国际储备结构，参照国际上发达国家的储备结构，使中国黄金储备达到中国国际储备的8%～10%。

问答题试述领导理论中权变理论的主要观点，并结合实际谈谈对管理实践的启示。

问答题销售部经理说：“我们的销售队伍在竞争对手中是实力最强大的，要不是我们的产品缺乏多样性、不能及时满足消费者需要，我们的销售业绩也不会这么差。”生产部经理说：“一流的熟练技术工人完全被缺乏想象力的产品设计局限了。"研发部经理打断说：“创新思维凝结出的高科技含量的产品葬送在单调乏味而又机械的低产出生产线上。”上述谈话揭示该企业在组织上存在什么严重问题?如何克服?

问答题如何考评员工的工作表现

问答题企业使命(中财2011年研)

问答题联系实际谈谈如何在企业管理中有效地运用人本管理?

问答题20世纪80年代初，我国向某阿拉伯国家出口塑料鞋底，由于忽视了研究当地人的宗教信仰和文字，设计的鞋底的花纹酷似当地文字中“真主”一词，结果被当地政府出动大批军警查禁销毁，造成了很大的经济损失和政府损失。由此可见，组织的外部环境非常重要，试述组织外部一般环境的构成。