已选分类
哲学哲学
单选题Almost everyone agrees that America's health-care system has the incentives all wrong. Under the present system, doctors and hospitals get paid for doing more, even if added tests, operations and procedures have little chance of improving patients' health. So what happens when someone proposes that we alter the incentives to reward better care, not more care? Well, Rep. Paul Ryan and Republicans found out. No surprise: Democrats slammed them for "ending Medicare as we know it. " This predictably partisan reaction preying upon the anxieties of retirees—must depress anyone who cares about the country's future. It is only a slight exaggeration to say that unless we end Medicare "as we know it," America "as we know it" will end. Spiraling health spending is the crux of our federal budget problem. In 1965—the year Congress created Medicare and Medicaid—health spending was 2.6 percent of the budget. In 2010, it was 26.5 percent. The Obama administration estimates it will be 30.3 percent in 2016. By contrast, defense spending is about 20 percent; scientific research and development is 4 percent. Uncontrolled health spending isn't simply crowding out other government programs; it's also dampening overall living standards. Health economists Michael Chernew, Richard Hirth and David Cutler recently reported that higher health costs consumed 35.7 percent of the increase in per capita income from 1999 to 2007. They also project that, under reasonable assumptions, it could absorb half or more of the gain between now and 2083. Ryan proposes to change that. Beginning in 2022, new (not existing) Medicare beneficiaries would receive a voucher, valued initially at about $ 8,000. The theory is simple. Suddenly empowered, Medicare beneficiaries would shop for lowest-cost, highest-quality insurance plans providing a required package of benefits. The health-care delivery system would be forced to restructure by reducing costs and improving quality. Doctors, hospitals and clinics would form networks; there would be more "coordination" of care, helped by more investment in information technology; better use of deductibles and co-payments would reduce unnecessary trips to doctors' offices or clinics. It's shock therapy. Would it work? No one knows, but two things are clear. First, as Medicare goes, so goes the entire health-care system. Medicare is the nation's largest insurance program, with 48 million recipients and spending last year of $ 520 billion. Second, few doubt that today's health-care system has much waste: medical care that does no good. Under Ryan's plan, incentives would shift. Medicare would no longer be an open ATM; the vouchers would limit total spending. Providers would face pressures to do more with less; there would certainly be charges that essential care was being denied. The Obama administration argues that better results can be achieved by modifying incentives within the existing system. Perhaps. But history suggests skepticism. It's Ryan's radicalism vs. President Obama's remedy policy. Which is realistic and which is wishful thinking? Burdened by runaway spending, Medicare "as we know it" is going to end. The only questions are when and on whose terms.
单选题在H国前年出版的50 000部书中,有5 000部是小说。H国去年发行的电影中,恰有25部是由这些小说改编的。因为去年H国共发行了100部电影,因此,由前年该国出版的书改编的电影,在这100部电影中所占的比例不会超过四分之一。基于以下哪项假设能使上述推理成立?
单选题通常认为左撇子比右撇子更容易出操作事故,这是一种误解。事实上,大多数家务事故,大到火灾、烫伤,小到切破手指,都出自右撇子。以下哪项最为恰当地概括了上述论证中的漏洞?
单选题统计数据显示,当今人类的寿命和各个年龄段的健康水平比以往任何年代都高。但同时,当代人中因不当饮食、缺乏体力支出等因素导致的肥胖者的比例,比以往任何年代都高。这说明,健康饮食、体育锻炼和控制体重等当今保健要领,对于延长寿命和提高健康水平,其实并不是必要的。
以下哪项如果为真,最能削弱上述论证?
单选题如果石油供应出现波动导致国际油价的上涨,在开放市场的国家,如美国,国内油价也会上涨,不管这些国家的石油是全部进口还是完全不进口。 如果以上关于石油供应波动的论述是正确的,在开放市场的国家,下面哪一种政策最有可能减少由于未预料到的国际油价剧烈上涨而对该国经济产生的长期影响? A.把每年进口的石油数量保持在一个恒定的水平上。 B.暂停同主要石油生产国的外交关系。 C.通过节能措施减少石油的消耗量。 D.减少国内石油的生产。
单选题近期的干旱和高温,导致海湾盐度增加,引起了许多鱼的死亡。虾虽然可以适应高盐度,但盐度高也给养虾场带来了不幸。 以下哪个选项如果为真,就能够提供解释以上现象的原因?( )
单选题日本青少年的平均身高增长幅度要大于中国同龄人。有研究表明,日本中小学生的每周课外活动时间要明显多于中国的中小学生。因此,中国青少年要长得更高,就必须在读中小学时增加课外活动时间。 以下哪项是上述论证所依赖的假设? A.中小学生增加课外活动时间就能长得更高。 B.中小学生只要有同样的课外活动时间就能长得一样高。 C.年轻人长得较高就有较好的健康体质。 D.课外活动是促使日本青少年长高的一个不可取代的因素。 E.目前日本青少年的平均身高仍然低于中国青少年。
单选题据交通部去年对全国10个大城市的统计,S市的汽车交通事故率最低。S市在前年实施了汽车特殊安检制度,提高了安检的标准和力度。为了有效降低汽车交通事故率,其他大城市也应当像s市那样,对本市的汽车实施特殊安检。 以下哪项如果为真,最能削弱题干的论证?
单选题某省大力发展旅游产业,目前已经形成东湖、西岛、南山三个旅游景点,每处景点都有二日游、三日游、四日游三种路线。李明、王刚、张波将赴上述三地进行9日游。每个人都设计了各自的旅游计划。后来发现,每处景点他们三人都选择了不同的线路,李明赴东湖的计划天数与王刚赴西岛的计划天数相同。李明赴南山的计划是三日游,王刚赴南山的计划是四日游。根据以上陈述,可以得出以下哪项?
单选题
一位研究者发现,免疫系统活力低的人比免疫系统的活力正常或者高的人在精神健康测试中的得分要低得多,研究者从这个实验得出结论认为,免疫系统防御生理疾病,也防御精神疾病。
单选题作为市电视台的摄像师,最近国内电池市场的突然变化让我非常头疼。进口高能量的电池缺货,我只能用国产电池作为摄像的主要电源。尽管每单位的国产电池要比进口电池便宜,但我估计如果持续用国产电池替代进口电池的话,我支付在电池上的费用将会提高。
该摄像师在上面这段话中隐含了以下哪项假设?
单选题英国驻深圳某银行共126名职员国籍情况的信息如下: (1)所有职员都是英国国籍; (2)所有职员都不是英国国籍; (3)行长或助理是英国国籍。 上述断定只有一个是真的,则以下哪项一定是真的? A.有些人是外籍职员。 B.有些职员是中国国籍。 C.所有职员都不是英国国籍。 D.有些职员不是英国国籍。 E.有些职员是英国国籍。
单选题某次公选中当选的十几名乡镇长,大都为官员之后。有人对此提出质疑。经核查,他们当选符合相关程序,所以,此次公选没有问题。
以下哪项对上述论证的评价最为恰当?
单选题全国运动会举行女子5000米比赛,辽宁、山东、河北各派了三名运动员参加。比赛前,四名体育爱好者在一起预测比赛结果。甲说:“辽宁队训练就是有一套,这次的前三名非她们莫属。”乙说:“今年与去年可不同了,金银铜牌辽宁队顶多拿一个。”丙说:“据我估计,山东队或者河北队会拿牌的。”丁说:“第一名如果不是辽宁队的,就该是山东队的了。”比赛结束后,发现以上四人只有一人言中。
以下哪项最可能是该项比赛的结果?______
单选题“入幼儿园难,难于考公务员;入幼儿园贵,贵于大学收费”,这一说法虽稍嫌夸张,却也有某些事实根据。在中国一些城市,目前确实存在公办幼儿园“稀缺化”、民办幼儿园“两极化”、收费“贵族化”、优质资源“特权化”等现象。 要从以上陈述推出“入幼儿园难,难于考GCT”的结论,必须增加以下哪项陈述作为前提?
单选题近期的一项调查显示:日本产“星愿”、德国产“心动”和美国产“EXAP”三种轿车最受女性买主的青睐。调查指出,在中国汽车市场上,按照女性买主所占的百分比计算,这三种轿车名列前三名。“星愿”、“心动”和“EXAP”三种车的买主,分别有58%、55%和54%是女性。但是,最近连续6个月的女性购车量排行榜,却都是国产的“富康”轿车排在首位。
以下哪项如果为真,最有助于解释上述矛盾?
单选题The high cost of production is severely limiting which operas are available to the public. These costs necessitate reliance on large corporate sponsors, who in return demand that only the most famous operas be produced. Determining which operas will be produced should rest only with ticket purchasers at the box office, not with large corporate sponsors. If we reduce production budgets so that operas can be supported exclusively by box-office receipts and donations from individuals, then the public will be able to see less famous operas. Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
单选题 基于以下题干,回答问题:
一体操教练正在制订一周工作计划。在从星期一到星期五中的每一个单独辅导时间内给6个学生H,I,K,O,U和Z中的每一个上课。除了在某一天该教练在两个分开但连续的辅导时间给两个学生上课之外,他在其余的每一天都只辅导一个学生。下面是该教练的工作计划所遵循的准则:
(1)H在Z之前; (2)I的课在星期四;
(3)K和O的课紧密相邻,且K和O不能在同一天; (4)星期一和星期三只能一个学生上课。
单选题张教授:目前,杂交动物不受国际濒临灭绝动物法的保护。但是,最新的基因技术证明,稀有动物紫狼是红狐狸和灰狼的杂交后代。紫狼应当受到保护,因此国际濒临灭绝动物法保护的对象中,应该包括杂交动物。 李研究员:我不同意你的观点。因为杂交动物源于纯动物种群。即使现有的紫狼灭绝了,纯种的红狐狸和灰狼仍然会产生新的紫狼。
单选题许多研究都表明并不是所有的医院都是成功的。在某些医院里,病人的死亡率总是高于其他的医院。由于在所有被调查的医院中,每个病人所能得到的医疗资源基本上都是相同的,所以服务质量上的差别可能是造成这种高死亡率的原因。
以下哪一项如果为真,对上文中的结论提出了最严重的质疑?
