填空题简单枚举法作为一种不完全归纳推理， 如果使用不当， 就会犯________的逻辑错误

填空题从概念的外延关系看，“战士”与“党员”具有_______关系；“陈述句”与“疑问句”具有____关系；“科学家”与“教师”具有____关系；“多数人的意见”和“正确的意见”具有_______关系。“毛泽东是伟大的革命家，伟大的军事家”，其中“伟大的革命家”和“伟大的军事家”在外延上具有_______关系。

填空题简单判断就是自身中________的判断。

填空题矛盾律的内容是： 在同一思维过程中， 两个互相否定的思想________

填空题性质判断按量分， 可以分为单称判断、 全称判断和________三种

填空题 规范三段论就是两前提中（ ）是规范命题的三段论。

填空题既肯定SAP，又肯定同素材的SEP，这就违反了逻辑上的________律。

填空题所谓模态命题就是含有_______的命题。从广义上讲，模态命题分为两大类：_______和_______。

填空题_______是反映若干对象情况共同存在的命题。它的基本特性在于对象情况的共存性。

填空题[A]ThestrainofHIVthatwasdiscoveredinSydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstrikingabnormalitiesinagenethatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,thevirusismissingsomuchofthisparticulargene-knownasnef,fornegativefactor--thatitishardtoimaginehowthegenecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whiletheSydneyvirusretainstheabilitytoinfectTcells--whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltotheimmunesystem'sabilitytowardoffinfection--itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthemostpowerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.[B]Ifthisspeculationprovesright,itwillmarkamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterribleepidemic.ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasnotbecomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhavefar-reachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest,"saysDr.BarneyGrahamofTennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,"isthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibletostimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit."[C]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipientshavediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhascomedownwithAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.InfacthisimmunesystemremainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuchunexpectedgoodfortune?[D]Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfordrugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbeabletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohavedevelopedfull-blownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscoredlastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationadvisorypanel,which,recommendedspeedyapprovaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissionerDavidKesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedicationcanpreventorcureAIDSonceithastakenhold.Whatscientistsreallywantisavaccinethatcanpreventinfectionaltogether.Andthat'swhatmakestheSydneyvirussopromising--andsocontroversial.[E]AteamofAustralianscientistshasfinallysolvedthemystery.Thevirusthatthedonorcontractedandthenpassedon,theteamreportedlastweekinthejournalScience,containsflawsinitsgeneticscriptthatappeartohaverendereditharmless."Notonlyhavetherecipientsandthedonornotprogressedtodiseasefor15years,"marvelsmolecularbiologistNicholasDeaconofAustralia'sMacfarlaneBurnetCentreforMedicalResearch,"butthepredictionisthattheyneverwill."Deaconspeculatesthatthis"impotent"HIVmayevenbeanaturalinoculantthatprotectsitscarriersagainstmorevirulentstrainsofthevirus.[F]ButfewscientistsareenthusiasticabouttestingthepropositionbyinjectingHIV--howeverweakened--intomillionsofpeoplewhohaveneverbeeninfected.Afterall,theynote,HIVisaretrovirus,aclassofinfectiousagentsknownfortheiralarmingabilitytointegratetheirowngenesintotheDNAofthecellstheyinfect.Thusonceittakeseffect,aretrovirusinfectionispermanent.[G]About15yearsago,awell-meaningmandonatedbloodtotheRedCrossinSydney,Australia,notknowinghehasbeenexposedtoHIV-1,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Muchlater,publichealthofficialslearnedthatsomeofthepeoplewhogottransfusionscontaininghisbloodhadbecomeinfectedwiththesamevirus;presumablytheywerealmostsuretodie.Order:

填空题直言命题是直接地、无条件地反映对象_______的命题。

填空题二难推理是一种由_______构成的复合命题的综合推理。其基本有效式有_______、_______、_______、和_______。

填空题 混合关系推理是前提中既有关系命题，又有( )的关系推理。

填空题 德·摩根律是并与交取补后（ ）。

填空题具有不相容关系的a、b两个概念，如果被包含在属概念c中，并且a与b的外延之和等于c，则a与b之间的关系是_______关系。

填空题间接反驳时，先论证与被反驳论题相矛盾或相反对的论题为真，然后根据_______律确定被反驳论题为假。

填空题按照划分的次数不同，划分可以分为________和连续划分

填空题_______就是在三段论中引入规范词，并根据规范词的逻辑性质及它们之间的关系而进行推演的间接规范推理。这种推理的大前提和结论都是_______，小前提是_______。

填空题在“p且q”中，逻辑常项是_______。

填空题间接反驳就是通过证明与被反驳的命题具有_______或_______的命题的真实性，从而根据_______，确立被反驳命题的虚假性的反驳方法。