问答题以“所有P不是M”和“所有M都是S”作为大小前提进行推理，能推出什么结论?请用欧拉图表示结论主、谓项之间可能有的关系。

问答题运用有关概念种类的知识，指出下句话中存在的逻辑错误： “中国共产党党员是中华民族的先锋队，在社会主义现代化建设中应起模范带头作用。”

问答题对“所有技术人员都是懂计算机的”与“有些不懂计算机的是技术人员”都加以肯定，是否违反不矛盾律的逻辑要求?为什么?

问答题有一天，法国某城市一餐馆门前挂了一个“明天吃饭不要钱”的牌子。第二天刚开业，就顾客盈门，可顾客一吃上饭，老板就要钱。人问则说：“是啊，明天不要钱，今天要钱。”第三、四天乃至以后照收不误。请问老板采用的是什么手法?

问答题“小张、小李、小王的家住在廊坊市”，这个命题表达的是简单命题，还是复合命题?请写出命题的逻辑形式来。

问答题Directions: You resided in the Browns when studying abroad in London. Now you have returned to China. Write a thank-you letter to the Browns to 1) express your gratitude, and 2) invite them to China to visit your hometown. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题在三段论中，三个不同的项能否同时都周延两次?为什么?

问答题Directions:Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofchallengeinanewspaper.Writeanessayofabout200wordstothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)thesymbolicmeaning3)thespecialunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge.

问答题“小李未考上大学，或者是因为考试成绩不好，或者是因为政审不合格，或者是因为身体健康状况不符合要求；据说，小李未考上大学的原因是因为考试成绩不好；所以，小李未考上大学的原因不是因为政审不合格，也不是因为身体健康状况不符合要求。”请分析这段议论运用的是何种推理形式，其公式是什么?并依据规则，说明其推理形式是否有效。

问答题“逻辑学是一门古老而年轻的科学”。请简析这种说法是否违反逻辑规律。

问答题分析下列事例所包含的推理，并说明此种推理的作用。 1979年12月1日晚，在南京市火车站附近，一名妇女在上厕所时遭到一名30多岁男子的袭击和抢劫。公安人员在离现场不远处找到一件歹徒仓皇逃跑时掉落的一件罩着工作服的破棉衣。经仔细翻查，在工作服和棉衣口袋里发现微量的透明状屑粒，还有一张票价为4角的南京市郊公共汽车票。由此，公安人员推断，歹徒可能在生产或使用这种透明状屑粒的单位工作，并且是购买了这张车票

问答题Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandwriteanarticle.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethephenomenon;2)analyzethephenomenonandgiveyourcommentonit.

问答题“为了证实吸烟与肺癌的关系，美国弗来明心脏研究中心进行了大量的调查研究。统计资料显示：每多吸一支烟，肺癌的发病率就上升一倍。如果一个人每天吸两包烟，那么这个人比不吸烟的人得肺癌的几率高20倍。可见，吸烟与肺癌的发病有一定的因果关系。” 分析此例运用了何种探求因果联系的方法，说明理由并写出该逻辑方法的公式。

问答题下列议论过程是否包含着回溯推理?若包含，请指出它的前提和结论。 人类在攻克癌症中不断有新的发现：1969年12月，日本癌症研究会的管野晴夫博士用电子显微镜从经过培养的上咽喉癌细胞中找到了EB病毒。与此同时，爱知县癌治中心的伊藤洋平博士等人从白血病癌细胞中分离出了EB病毒。而美国国立癌研究所的阿尔夫博士等人也在骨癌患者的细胞中发现了该病毒。医学家们想，人类的癌症会不会是由病毒引起的呢?越来越多的事实

问答题请用欧拉图表示下列概念之间的关系。 A．中国 B．黄山 C．长城 D．旅游胜地

问答题(46) A "scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century. Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action) to the status of being wholly condemned. 47) If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic as they were by these "scientific" thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard: for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a rational being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a basis in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. 48) Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances--real or fictional--that are similar to our own circumstances. 49) Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears. Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the "scientific" view leaves out. If it is weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. 50) But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action must either be liars themselves or be very naive. Pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic. (447 words)Notes: rhetoric修辞学。discourse 论文，讲演，语篇。as it were 可以说是，姑且这么说。

问答题指出下列推理是演绎推理还是归纳推理，并简单说明理由。 1杨树能进行光合作用，槐树能进行光合作用，柳树能进行光合作用，所以，凡绿色植物都能进行光合作用。 2既然绿色植物都能通过光合作用把水和二氧化碳转化为糖类而放出氧，所以，梧桐树也不例外。

问答题一个正确的三段论，其大前提是特称否定命题，这个三段论的小前提和结论各是什么命题?它属于第几格?为什么?

问答题Directions:ThegraphsbelowshowthetypesofmusicalbumspurchasedbypeopleinBritainaccordingtosexandage.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题在“相容关系就是非全异关系，它包括全同关系、真包含于关系、真包含关系，交叉关系和差等关系”这段话中，关于“相容关系”的定义和划分是否正确?如不正确，违反了什么规则?犯了何种逻辑错误?