单选题The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. (1) these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concerned, to pass (2) , they absorb some of the longer-wave-length, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would (3) be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must (4) incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would (5) from the Earth much more easily. Today, (6) , the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. Could the increase in carbon dioxide (7) a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious (8) for human society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase (9) ;that the (10) is probably yes. One mathematical model (11) that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃. This model assumes that the atmosphere's relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a (12) of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another (13) absorber or radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more (14) than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant (15) the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases (16) the temperature rises. (17) , more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated (18) to the Earth's surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, (19) the Earth's reflectivity. More solar radiation would be absorbed, (20) to a further increase in temperature.

单选题Which of the following is TRUE about habits according to the text?

单选题In Washington's sales tax holiday, a shirt marked ＄ 20, a pair of boots marked＄ 80 and a pair of earrings marked ＄ 200 will save you

单选题According to the passage, which of the following is Englishmen’s characteristic?

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} After the terrorist attacks in America last September, {{U}}terrorist risk became the pariah of perils{{/U}}. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines' third-party terror and war liabilities to $ 50m per airline, per "event". Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines' war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU's transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and reinsurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $ 50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name "Equitime", representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance {{U}}vehicle{{/U}} to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund's excess. risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time. So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines' war and terrorist risk for some time to come.

单选题It's not that we thought things were fine. It's just that this year there were no fixes to the messes we made—no underwater oil-well caps, no AIG bailouts, no reuniting the island castaways in a church and sending them to heaven. We had to idly watch things completely fall apart, making us feel so pathetic that planking seemed like a cool thing to do. This was the year of the meltdown. If a meltdown could happen at a nuclear reactor in Japan—a country so obsessed with keeping up to date that its citizens annually get new cell phones and a new Prime Minister—we should have known we were all doomed. Meltdowns happened to the most unlikely victims. Everyone was so vulnerable to meltdowns that even Canadians rioted, though they did it only so the rest of the world wouldn't feel bad about their riots. It didn't take a tsunami; anything could trigger a meltdown. Greece, a country so economically insignificant that its biggest global financial contribution to this century was that Nia Vardalos movie, sent the entire European economy into a meltdown. A meltdown of both the U.S. credit rating and Congress's approval rating was unleashed over raising the debt ceiling, something so routine and boring. Sometimes, it didn't take an actual sexual affair to ruin your promising political career. Sometimes, crises sprang out of tiny mistakes that usually have no consequences whatsoever, like that day in college when you went to a protest, charged a couple more things on your nearly maxed-out credit card and drunkenly told the pizza guy with all the dumb ideas that he should totally run for President. Well, when the entire country does that at once, you get a meltdown. There was even a meltdown of the once powerful American middle class. A year ago ours was still a country that pretended there was no class system, where rich people all called themselves "upper-middle class". Now we are full-on feudal, with an angry 99% and a 1% who actually understand the things which the 99% are inarticulately complaining about. The meltdown itself melted down when Occupy Wall Street protesters and police couldn't agree on lawn care. It's too late to cool the rods. We are either going to abandon the old structures altogether—nuclear power, the euro, Arab secular role, unregulated capitalism—or wait a really long time for things to get better. We are finally going to have to choose between our modem love of constant drama and our modem laziness. I know which I'm betting on. Laziness has a really high melting point. (434 words)

单选题The writer seems to think that as an adult one must ______.

单选题CORNELL"S SUICIDE PROBLEM. That"s the description that broadcasted across the bottom of CNN during this morning"s segment about the university installing fences to prevent people from jumping into the gap. Actually, CNN, it"s not a suicide problem so much as a media problem—a problem stemming from outlets like yours that are quick to spread the myth that Cornell is the "suicide school". The New York Times is guilty, too. After the third Cornell suicide in less than a month, the Times ran a front-page story that said the university was on "high alert about the mental health of its students" and that the recent deaths "have cast a golly atmosphere over the university and renewed talk of Cornell"s reputation—unsup-ported, say officials—as a high-stress "suicide school"". But it"s not until deep into the jump, on April 25th, that the article addresses the actual statistics, which indicate that Cornell"s rate of suicides is no higher than the national average for a university of that size (about two a year). Other high-pressure colleges have more troubling numbers to contend with. MIT"s suicide rate since 1964, when the university started keeping track, is about 14.6 per 100,000 students, according to an article in MIT"s student newspaper, The Tech, compared to about 4.3 per 100,000 over the same time period at Cornell. And although the recent concentration of Cornell suicides is tragic and remarkable, it comes on the heels of four years without a single one. But the suicide-free years don"t make headlines; jumpers do. Granted, I"m a proud Cornell alumna, so I"m particularly sensitive about these misconceptions. But I like to think I"m relatively objective about my alma mater. Cornell suicides, when they occur, tend to be dramatic. They get national media attention with frightening images like the ones CNN was flashing today of guys in uniforms watching the campus bridges. The idea of a stressed-out undergraduate throwing himself into a deep gap—it"s frightening, and it stays with you. So much so that you probably remember it as more exaggerated a problem than it actually is. Individuals can"t be faulted for that—our brains do funny things with unreliable evidence. But media outlets are different, and should be found at fault when they fan these misconceptions.

单选题Among the farmers investigated, how many of them claimed to be suffering from organophosphate poisoning?______

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} A writer said yesterday that Richard M. Scrushy, the former chief executive of HealthS0uth, paid her through a public relations firm to produce several favorable articles for an Alabama newspaper that he reviewed before publication during his fraud trial last year. The articles appeared in The Birmingham Times, a black-owned weekly in Birmingham, Ale. Mr. Scrushy was acquitted in June in a six-month trial there on all 36 counts against him, despite testimony from former HealthSouth executives who said he presided over a huge accounting fraud. "I sat in that courtroom for six months, and I did everything possible to advocate for his cause," Audrey Lewis, the author of the articles, said in a telephone interview. She said she received $10.000 from Mr. Scrushy through the Lewis Group, a public relations firm, and another $1,000 to help buy a computer. "Scrushy promised me a lot more than what I got." she said. Charles A. Russell, a spokesman for Mr. Scrushy, said he was not aware of an explicit agreement for the Lewis Group to pay Ms. Lewis. The payments to Ms. Lewis were first reported by The Associated Press yesterday. "There's nothing there I think Richard would have any part of,"' Mr. Russell said. Mr. Russell said that Mr. Scrushy reviewed the articles before they were published. "Richard thought she was doing a little, 'F.Y.L, here's what I'm writing,'" Mr. Russell said. Ms. Lewis said that Mr. Russell, a prominent Denver-based crisis communications consultant, was also involved in providing her with financial compensation. She said Mr. Russell wrote her a $2.500 personal check at the end of May 2005; Mr. Russell said that was true. "She was looking for freelance community- relations work after the trial," Mr. Russell said. Ms. Lewis came into Mr. Scrushy's sphere through Believers Temple Church; she attends services and works as an administrator there. She and Rev. Herman Henderson, the pastor, were part of a group that appeared in court with Mr. Scrushy and often prayed with him during breaks. Before and during the trial, in which 11 of the 18 jurors were black. Mr. Scrushy, who is white, forged ties with Birmingham's African-American population. He joined a predominantly black church, and his foundation donated to it and other black congregations. Mr. Henderson also said he received payments from Mr. Scrushy in exchange for building support for him among blacks. Mr. Scrushy said in a statement yesterday that his foundation donated money to Mr. Henderson's church, but said the payments were unrelated to his case. "My foundation donated to his church building fund and to a Katrina relief effort that his church sponsored," Mr. Scrushy said. "That's it. Period." Ms. Lewis, 31, said she was disclosing details about the financial arrangement because Mr. Scrushy still owes her and Mr. Henderson a significant amount of money. Ms. Lewis provided copies of a retainer agreement that Mr. Scrushy signed last April with the Lewis Group, a public relations firm controlled by Jesse J. Lewis Sr., 82, the founder of The Birmingham Times, and a check issued to her in May from the Lewis Group. (Ms. Lewis and Mr. Lewis are not related.)

单选题Home-schoolers believe that

单选题Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? (1) an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets (2) the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to (3) the news. Newspapers have one basic (4) , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to (5) it. Radio, telegraph, television, and (6) inventions brought competition for newspaper. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. (7) , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the (8) and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are (9) and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers (10) of the latest news, today's newspapers (11) and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices (12) advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for very (13) . Newspapers are sold at a price that (14) even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main (15) of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The (16) in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This (17) in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends (18) on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment (19) in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information (20) the community, city, county, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.

单选题It seems impossible to have an honest conversation about global warming. I say this after diligently perusing the British government's huge report released last week by Sir Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank and now a high civil servant. The report is a masterpiece of misleading public relations. It foresees dire consequences if global warming isn't curbed: a worldwide depression and flooding of many coastal cities. Meanwhile, the costs of minimizing these awful outcomes are small: only 1 percent of world economic output in 2050. No sane person could fail to conclude that we should conquer global warming instantly, if not sooner. Who could disagree? Well, me. Stem's headlined conclusions are intellectual fictions. They're essentially fabrications to justify an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda. The danger of that is that we'd end up with the worst of both worlds: a program that harms the economy without much cutting of greenhouse gases. Let me throw some messy realities onto Stern's tidy picture. In the global-warming debate, there's a big gap between public rhetoric and public behavior. Greenhouse emissions continue to rise despite many earnest pledges to control them. Just last week, the United Nations reported that of the 41 countries it monitors (not including most developing nations), 34 had increased greenhouse emissions from 2000 to 2004. These include most countries committed to reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. Why is this? In rich democracies, policies that might curb greenhouse gases require politicians and the public to act in exceptionally "enlightened" ways. They have to accept "pain" now for benefits that won't materialize for decades, probably after they're dead. And even if rich countries cut emissions, it won't make much difference unless poor countries do likewise and so far, they've refused because that might jeopardize their economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts. The notion that there's only a modest tension between suppressing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth is highly dubious. Stern arrives at his trivial costs—that 1 percent of world GDP in 2050—by essentially assuming them. His estimates presume that, with proper policies, technological improvements will automatically reconcile declining emissions with adequate economic growth. This is a heroic leap. To check warming, Stern wants annual emissions 25 percent below current levels by 2050. The IEA projects that economic growth by 2050 would more than double emissions. At present, we can't bridge that gap. The other great distortion in Stern's report involves global warming's effects. No one knows what these might be, because we don't know how much warming might occur, when, where, or how easily people might adapt. Stern's horrific specter distills many of the most terrifying guesses, including some imagined for the 22nd century, and implies they're imminent. The idea is to scare people while reassuring them that policies to avert calamity, if started now, would be fairly easy and inexpensive.

单选题The Van Gogh's letter (Para. 2) was mentioned to

单选题It seems that the author is very critical of

单选题What Dr. Smith says in the third paragraph indicates that

单选题The author's positive attitude towards Milano's work is shown in