单选题In 1924 America"s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 21 workers" productivity. Instead, the studies ended 22 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 23 to being experimented upon changed subjects" behavior. The idea arose because of the 24 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 25 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 26 what was done in the experiment; 27 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 28 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 29 to alter workers" behavior 30 itself. After several decades, the same data were 31 to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 32 the descriptions on record, no systematic 33 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 34 interpretation of what happed. 35 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 36 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 37 to rise for the next couple of days. 38 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 39 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 40 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.

单选题The government has decided to reduce ______ on all imports.

单选题The functions of language do NOT include ______. A. informative function B. interpersonal function C. metacognitive function

单选题An American manufacturer of racing bikes reported a 1996 second-quarter gross income of $18 million, compared with $11.5 million in the second quarter of 1995. This increase was realized despite a drop in U.S. sales of racing bikes in 1996 compared with i995, which was partly attributable to the unusually high sales in 1995 as a result of the unprecedented success of an American cyclist in a high-profile international race. Which of the following, if true, would contribute most to an explanation of the increase in the manufacturer's gross income in 19967 A. Foreign manufacturers of racing bikes announced increased sales of their products in Europe in 1996 compared with 1995. B. In the first quarter of 1996, the American cyclist who won the high-profile international race in 1995 announced that he was switching to the racing bike made by the manufacturer in question. C. In the first quarter of 1995, the manufacturer in question first began selling its top-of-the-line "Titanium Extreme" model. D. In the second quarter of 1996, the manufacturer announced that it would begin production of skateboarding equipment in the following quarter. E. Intense competition in the racing bike market forced a competitor of the manufacturer to go out of business in the fourth quarter of 1996.

单选题Advertisement: We at Vesuvius Vacuums always give our customers what they deserve, and they deserve the very best. That's why we use only SuperTec air filters. Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the argument expressed in the advertisement? A. In a test of three leading air filters, the SuperTec air filter performed at the same level as one of the filters and at a higher level than the other. B. The SuperTec air filter is the only kind of air filter that will fit in the model of vacuum sold by Vesuvius Vacuums. C. In a national study by a prominent consumer group, Vesuvius Vacuums gained a "superior" rating for product quality. D. The customers of Vesuvius Vacuums have expressed no preferences concerning the type of air filter used in the product. E. The specific air filter used in a given vacuum makes only a small difference in the long-term performance of that vacuum.

单选题An engineer designed a ball so that when it was dropped, it rose with each bounce exactly one-half as high as it had fallen. The engineer dropped the ball from a 16-meter platform and caught it after it had traveled 46.5 meters. How many times did the ball bounce? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 E. 9

单选题Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls" lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls"identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls" lives and interests. Girls" attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What"s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children"s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children"s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids" clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers" term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.

单选题The following data sufficiency problems consist of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in July or the meaning of counterclockwise), you must indicate whether Ａ. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. Ｂ. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. Ｃ. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient. Ｄ. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient. Ｅ. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

单选题In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be, we have to do more than just ______ with events.

单选题But the judge surprised the entire court when he stated, "The ______ of the marriage contract invalidated it."

单选题______ studies the internal structure of simple propositions. A. Predicate calculus B. Propositional calculus C. Sentential calculus

单选题If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses" convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table himself. "Who is that?" The new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that"s God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he"s a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it"ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman"s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn"t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently oK-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it"s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don"t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

单选题Greg sells gaskets. On three sales, Greg has received commissions of $385, $70, and $190, and he has one additional sale pending. If Greg is to receive an average (arithmetic mean) commission of exactly $220 on the four sales, then the fourth commission must be: A. $135 B. $155 C. $220 D. $235 E. $645

单选题Ittooksometimetofigureoutjusttherightshoppingcomplex,offjusttherighthighwayinterchangeandjusttherightdistancefromSeoul,thatcouldaccommodatea624,000-square-footstore—thatistosay,onemorethanthreetimesthesizeoftheaverageWal-MartSupercenter.Ittookmoretimetosolvecertainmysteries,likehowbigtomakethestore"schildren"ssectioninacountrywherekidsareoftengivenamplespaceinthefamilylivingquarters.Ittookmoretimetofigureouthowtoshowcasekitchensthatincorporatekimchirefrigerators,auniquelyKoreanappliance—andevenmoretimetountanglenuancesofthemarket,liketheSouthKorean"spreferenceformetalchopsticks.Inall,ittookaboutsixyearsforIkeatounveilitsinauguralstoreinSouthKorea,inGwangmyeong,startingfromthefirstscoutingtrip.ThelagwastypicallyIkean.Butsixyears?"Themoreglobal,themorecomplexitgets,"repliesMikaelPalmquist,theregionalmanagerofretailforAsiaPacific."Weneedtogetthesethingsrightorwewillneverbetakenseriously."TodaytheGwangmyeongstore,whichisthecompany"slargestintheworldbyshoppingarea,isontracktobecomeoneofIkea"stop-performingoutletsfor2015.Thesuccessishardlyafluke.Ikea,itseems,isageniusatsellingIkea—flatpacking,transporting,andreassemblingitsquirkySwedishstylingallacrosstheplanet.ThefurnitureandfurnishingsbrandisinmorecountriesthanWal-MartandCarrefour.China,whereIkeahaseightofits10biggeststores,isthecompany"sfastest-growingmarket.AnoutletinMoroccoiscomingsoon,andtherearehintsthatBrazilmaynotbefaroff.Meanwhile,IkeaisgoingmeatballsoutinIndia,whereitplanstoinvestabout$2billionoveradecadetoopen10stores.GettingitrightinemergingmarketslikeChinaandIndia,whereIkeaiswell-positionedtocapitalizeonagrowingmiddleclass,isakeyfactorinitsgoalofhitting50billioninsalesby2020.That"supfrom28.7billioninitsfiscal2014andalmostdoubleits2005saleslevel.TodaytheIkeaGrouphas318stores,notincludingthebrand"ssomefourdozenfranchisedlocations;it"saimingforaround500by2020.

单选题Nobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes ever more international, it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark. In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a man should shake hands with everyone present. This can be a demanding task and, in a crowded room, may require gymnastic ability if the farthest hand is to be reached. Handshaking is almost as popular in some other countries, but Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness. In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food, but the way you behave as you eat. Some things are just not done. In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Business has its place: after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something—something, that is, other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your head. In Germany, as you walk sadly back to your hotel room, you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited you out for the evening. Don"t worry, it is probably nothing personal. Germans do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm as some of their European counterparts. The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider, it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange. To the Germans, titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doktor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess. In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctor—and engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles. These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language, of course, is full of difficulties—disaster may be only a syllable away. But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with, the less likely you are to get into difficulties. It is worth the effort. It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product or the price, but the fact that you offended your hosts in a light-hearted comment over an aperitif (开胃酒). Good manners are admired, they can also make or break the deal.

单选题Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning? A. Connotative meaning. B. Denotative meaning. C. Conceptual meaning.

单选题The chimney is no longer ______ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used. A. giving away B. giving off C. giving in D. giving up

单选题[Focus on the location of the stress] A. include B. convey C. attain D. prosper

单选题Which of the following are NOT instances of ASSIMILATION? A. Nasalization B. Dentalization C. Variation

单选题The manager has always attended to the _____ of important business himself