问答题Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandwriteanarticle.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1)describethephenomenon;2)analyzethephenomenonandgiveyourcommentonit.

问答题Most marketing operations pay close attention to what young people are buying and thinking. Not Britain's political parties, however, for the simple reason that the under-30s are unlikely to go anywhere near a polling booth. In 1964, 11% of those aged 18 to 24 claimed not to vote, according to the British Election Study. At the general election last year that figure rose to 55%. 46. A report this week by Reform, a think-tank, suggests that this reticence is costing them dearly. Changes in government policy, it argues, have turned being young into a terrible bore. 47. There are already two powerful economic forces working against the so-called "IPOD generation" that are beyond the government's control. First, the ageing of the population is fast increasing the ratio of people in retirement to those of working age. So the young can look forward to handing over a rising proportion of their pay to support the oldies in their decline. Second, the cost of buying a house in places where people want to live has shot up beyond the reach of the young. In 1995 24% of all first-time homebuyers were under 25 ; today, less than 15% are, according to the Halifax, a bank. This much is uncontroversial. But the report also argues that the Labour government has made life worse for young people, in three ways. First, increased spending on health care has tended to benefit the old, who 'use the NHS more than the young. Second, tilting the tax and benefit system towards people with children has transferred money from the young to the middle-aged. Third, higher tuition fees are landing university graduates with hefty debts. 48．And the future doesn't look much better: the government's proposed pension reforms, along with the decline of defined-benefit company-pension schemes, make grim reading for the under-30s too. "These changes ought to have brought about a re-examination of the burden of taxation on this age group," says Nick Bosanquet of Imperial College London, one of the authors of the report, tie reckons that, after paying various taxmen and lenders, graduates take home only around half of their salaries. The average for all salaried workers is about three-fifths. Are things really that bad? When examined in a freeze-frame, being young does not look much fun financially. But welfare states are meant to transfer resources from the vigorous to the fragile. Some benefits are merely deferred: today's 25-year-olds will have babies and hip replacements one day. 49．And although people in their 20s and 30s tend to be heavily indebted this passes when they sink into their 40s and 50s, says Richard Disney of Nottingham University. Even so, the feeling that young people are being squeezed presents a political opportunity for the opposition parties. 50．David Willetts, the Conservative shadow education secretary, said in a speech last year that the young "could be forgiven for believing that the way in which economic and social policy is now conducted is little less than a conspiracy by the middle- aged" against them_. The Liberal Democrat commission on tax policy worried in August about inter-generational unfairness too. There will be more of such talk. For the Tories, it offers a way to discuss reducing spending without sounding as if they are merely the mouthpiece of the wealthy. It gives Lib Dem leaders a way to argue activists out of promising to out-spend Labour. And it might even persuade some of those gloomy 25-year-olds to vote.

多选题某中药配方有如下要求：(1)如果有甲药材，那么也要有乙药材；(2)如果没有丙药材，那么必须有丁药材；(3)人参和天麻不能都有；(4)没有甲药材而有丙药材，则需要有人参。 如果含有天麻，则关于该配方的断定哪项为真?

问答题Directions: You have just learned that your friend Joe had his ankles injured and was in hospital now. Write a letter to him and your letter should include the following details: 1) your concern about his injury, 2) and your best wishes for his recovery. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: You resided in the Browns when studying abroad in London. Now you have returned to China. Write a thank-you letter to the Browns to 1) express your gratitude, and 2) invite them to China to visit your hometown. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly;2)explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3)stateyourpointsofview.YonshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

多选题一种常见的现象是，从国外引进的一些畅销科普读物在国内并不畅销，有人对此解释说，这与我们多年来沿袭的文理分科有关。文理分科人为地造成了自然科学与人文社会科学的割裂，导致科普类图书的读者市场还没有真正形成。 以下哪项如果为真，最能加强上述观点?

问答题"Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk, with poles being clear enough but the middle tending to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930's, for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music--folk themes--in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one : he took a popular genre-- bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)- and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. (47) This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre. As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. (48) Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine--usually portrayed only as an individual, unrestrained by class--is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity of the leaders of the civilians. Verdi transforms this naive and unlike formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself. Or consider Verdi' s treatment of character. (49) Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional state. Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer' s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi' s characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is achieved through the music: (50) once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or allow alterations or substitutions of somebody else's arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.

问答题The finding is contrary to the common belief that all people are motivated to alleviate negative moods, according to Jonathon Brown, a University of Washington psychologist. (46) “Many people with low self-esteem believe sadness is part of life and that you shouldn’t try to get rid of it, while people with high self-esteem believe in doing something to feel better if they have a negative experience or get in a bad mood, ”said Brown. The researchers conducted five studies involving nearly 900 people. (47)In the key experiment, the researchers created a sad mood by having subjects listen to music and found that people with low self-esteem were significantly less likely than people with high self-esteem to select a comedy video from among six tapes to break their mood. “People with lowself-esteem feel resignation because they question whether anything will help and say ‘ I’m not good at breaking or changing a mood, ” Brown said. “They also believe sadness is not something you get rid of and that you learn and grow from sadness. They feel it is not appropriate to try to change a mood. These are not people who would necessarily go to the movies or shopping to feel better. ” There are things that people with low self-esteem can do to snap a negative mood, according to Brown. (48) “If you have low self-esteem, you should actively try to rise above the sadness and learn that you will feel better if you do not passively accept sadness. You can get better if you remind yourself to do something. You may have to kick yourself in the butt to go to a movie because it will require a conscious effort rather than something that comes automatically, ” he said. The other four studies reinforced the idea that low self-esteem people are less motivated to change a negative mood. The initial study asked students to record in a diary a positive or negative experience that happened to them in the next 7 to 10 days and what they did afterwards. (49)The second study found that people with low self-esteem are equally knowledgeable as those with high self-esteem about strategies to repair negative moods. The final two studies asked people about their experiences when they were in a negative mood. (50) Those with high self-esteem were more likely to express the need to do something to change the mood and less likely to recall instances when they didn’t find a way to improve their mood. Those with low self-esteem, however, were more likely to say such moods are acceptable and that they couldn’t change a mood even if they tried. They also were more likely to say that negative moods sapped their energy.

问答题James Shapiro follows his award-winning book on William Shakespeare, 1599, which came out in 2005, with an unlikely subject: an investigation into the old chestnut that Shakespeare wasn't the man who wrote the works. Most mainstream Shakespeareans stand aloof from it. But apparently the claims of Francis Bacon, Edward de Vere and Christopher Marlowe, among others, are on the rise. (46) An appetite for conspiracy theories, combined with a call for "balance" from some sectors of academe and the rise of the Internet has given the thing new life. Respectable audiences turn up to listen to lectures on it. The controversy is even taught at university level. "What difference does it make who wrote the plays?" someone asked the author wearily. Mr. Shapiro (for whom Shakespeare was definitely the man) thinks it matters a lot, and by the end of this book, his readers will think so too. The authorship controversy turns on two things., snobbery and the assumption that, in a literal way, you are what you write. How could an untutored, untravelled glover's son from hickville, the argument goes, understand kings and courtiers, affairs of state, philosophy, law, music-let alone the noble art of falconry? (47) Worse still, how could the business-minded, property-owning, moneylending materialist that emerges from the documentary scraps, be the same man as the poet of the plays? Mr. Shapiro teases out the cuhural prejudices, the historical blind spots, and above all the anachronism inherent in these questions. No one before the late 18th century had ever asked them, or thought to read the plays or sonnets for biographical insights. No one had even bothered to work out a chronology for them. (48) The idea that works of literature hold personal clues, or that--more grandly--writing is an expression and exploration of the self, is a relatively recent phenomenon. Contested Will is dense with lives and stories and argument. It is also entertaining. The quest for the true claimant drove people mad. (49) Here are secrets and codes, an elaborate cipher-breaking machine, an obsession with graves and crazy adventures to find lost manuscripts. One man spent months dredging the River Severn. Mr. Shapiro himself turns sleuth, exposing as fraudulent a piece of evidence long thought to be genuine-one more hoax in the long history of Shakespearean wild goose chases. (50) The Shakespeare that emerges is both simple and mysterious: a man of the theatre, who read, observed, listened and remembered. Beyond that is imagination, In essence, that's what the book is about.

问答题Directions:Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueofchallengeinanewspaper.Writeanessayofabout200wordstothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)thesymbolicmeaning3)thespecialunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge.

问答题(46) A "scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century. Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action) to the status of being wholly condemned. 47) If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic as they were by these "scientific" thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard: for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a rational being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a basis in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. 48) Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances--real or fictional--that are similar to our own circumstances. 49) Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears. Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the "scientific" view leaves out. If it is weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. 50) But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action must either be liars themselves or be very naive. Pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic. (447 words)Notes: rhetoric修辞学。discourse 论文，讲演，语篇。as it were 可以说是，姑且这么说。

问答题Directions:ThegraphsbelowshowthetypesofmusicalbumspurchasedbypeopleinBritainaccordingtosexandage.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: You are applying for a position as an English teacher. Write a letter to the Head of Foreign Languages Department to 1) introduce yourself, 2) give an account of your job experience, and 3) ask for a job interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

多选题克鲁特是德国家喻户晓的“明星”北极熊，北极熊是名副其实的北极霸主，因此，克鲁特是名副其实的北极霸主。 以下除哪项外，均与上述论证中出现的谬误相似?

多选题大小行星悬浮游在太阳系边缘，极易受附近星体引力作用的影响。据研究人员计算，有时这些力量会将彗星从奥尔特星云拖出。这样，它们更有可能靠近太阳。两位研究人员据此分别作出以下两种有所不同的断定：一、木星的引力作用要么将它们推至更小的轨道，要么将它们逐出太阳系：二、木星的引力作用或者将它们推至更小的轨道，或者将它们逐出太阳系。 如果上述两种断定只有一种为真，可以推出以下哪项结论?

问答题American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move. The smart car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn, change lanes, speed up, slow down or pass another car. If the driver's intended action could lead to an accident，the car will activate a warning system or override the move． (46) " BY shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver's behavior, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people's needs , " New Scientist magazine said. Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan. (47)Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in predicting a driver's 12 seconds in advance. (48)The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub-actions which include preparatory moves. It monitors the driver's behavior patterns to predict the next move. " To make its predictions, Nissan's smart car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel, accelerator and brake to monitor a person's driving patterns. (49)A brief training session, in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers, allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two-second time segments, " the magazine said. Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior. (50)He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.

问答题Directions: Yesterday you were told that there was going to be a seminar sponsored by a newspaper. The discussion is centered upon juvenile psychology. You want to make your presentation during the seminar, and now write a letter to the editor-in-chief of the paper. Your writing should be based upon the following outline: 1) inquiry about relevant information, 2) a brief account of your expertise, 3) and expression of your interest. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.