填空题“This is a really exciting time — a new era is starting,” says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are “streamed” across their third-generation (3G) networks. 41. ______. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”, “Desperate Housewives” and “Law ＆ Order”. 42. ______. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125m mobile-TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in two areas: technology and business models. At the moment, mobile TV is mostly streamed over 3G networks. But sending an individual data stream to each viewer is inefficient and will be unsustainable in the long run if mobile TV takes off. 43. ______. 44. ______. That suggests that some shows (such as drama) better suit the download model, while others (such as live news, sports or reality shows) are better suited to real-time transmission. The two approaches will probably co-exist. Just as there are several competing mobile-TV technologies, there are also many possible business models. Mobile operators might choose to build their own mobile-TV broadcast networks; or they could form a consortium and build a shared network; or existing broadcasters could build such networks. The big question is whether the broadcasters and mobile operators can agree how to divide the spoils, assuming there are any. Broadcasters own the content, but mobile operators generally control the handsets, and they do not always see eye to eye. 45. Then there is the question of who will fund the production of mobile-TV content: broadcasters, operators or advertisers? Again, the answer is probably “all of the above”. [A] So the general consensus is that 3G streaming is a prelude to the construction of dedicated mobile-TV broadcast networks, which transmit digital TV signals on entirely different frequencies to those used for voice and data. There are three main standards: DVB-H, favoured in Europe; DMB, which has been adopted in South Korea and Japan; and MediaFLO, which is being rolled out in America. Watching TV using any of these technologies requires a TV-capable handset, of course. [B] In contrast, watching downloaded TV programmes on an iPod or other portable video player is already possible today. And unlike a programme streamed over 3G or broadcast via a dedicated mobile-TV network, shows stored on an iPod can be watched on. an underground train or in regions with patchy network coverage. [C] In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Channel 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006. [D] Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear. [E] Assuming the technology and the business models can be sorted out, there is still the tricky matter of content. [F] In South Korea, a consortium of broadcasters launched a free-to-air DMB network last month, but the country’s mobile operators were reluctant to provide their users with handsets able to receive the broadcasts, since they were unwilling to undermine the prospects for their own subscription-based mobile-TV services. [G] The potential for mobile TV is vast, in short — but so is the degree of uncertainty over how it should actually be put into practice.

填空题设下列三句话中只有一句是假的，请问：甲公司总经理是否懂得计算机? (1) 甲公司所有员工都懂计算机； (2) 甲公司小王懂计算机； (3) 甲公司所有员工都不懂计算机。

填空题Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true. The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century' s culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42) I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing. All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43) For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. (45) What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of"stickiness" — creations and experiences to which others adhere. [A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. [B] Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others. [C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. [D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading —between passive consumption and active creation -- whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. [F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium—television—and television is defined by downloading. [G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

填空题[A]ThestrainofHIVthatwasdiscoveredinSydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstrikingabnormalitiesinagenethatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,thevirusismissingsomuchofthisparticulargene-knownasnef,fornegativefactor--thatitishardtoimaginehowthegenecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whiletheSydneyvirusretainstheabilitytoinfectTcells--whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltotheimmunesystem'sabilitytowardoffinfection--itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthemostpowerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.[B]Ifthisspeculationprovesright,itwillmarkamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterribleepidemic.ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasnotbecomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhavefar-reachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest,"saysDr.BarneyGrahamofTennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,"isthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibletostimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit."[C]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipientshavediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhascomedownwithAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.InfacthisimmunesystemremainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuchunexpectedgoodfortune?[D]Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfordrugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbeabletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohavedevelopedfull-blownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscoredlastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationadvisorypanel,which,recommendedspeedyapprovaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissionerDavidKesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedicationcanpreventorcureAIDSonceithastakenhold.Whatscientistsreallywantisavaccinethatcanpreventinfectionaltogether.Andthat'swhatmakestheSydneyvirussopromising--andsocontroversial.[E]AteamofAustralianscientistshasfinallysolvedthemystery.Thevirusthatthedonorcontractedandthenpassedon,theteamreportedlastweekinthejournalScience,containsflawsinitsgeneticscriptthatappeartohaverendereditharmless."Notonlyhavetherecipientsandthedonornotprogressedtodiseasefor15years,"marvelsmolecularbiologistNicholasDeaconofAustralia'sMacfarlaneBurnetCentreforMedicalResearch,"butthepredictionisthattheyneverwill."Deaconspeculatesthatthis"impotent"HIVmayevenbeanaturalinoculantthatprotectsitscarriersagainstmorevirulentstrainsofthevirus.[F]ButfewscientistsareenthusiasticabouttestingthepropositionbyinjectingHIV--howeverweakened--intomillionsofpeoplewhohaveneverbeeninfected.Afterall,theynote,HIVisaretrovirus,aclassofinfectiousagentsknownfortheiralarmingabilitytointegratetheirowngenesintotheDNAofthecellstheyinfect.Thusonceittakeseffect,aretrovirusinfectionispermanent.[G]About15yearsago,awell-meaningmandonatedbloodtotheRedCrossinSydney,Australia,notknowinghehasbeenexposedtoHIV-1,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Muchlater,publichealthofficialslearnedthatsomeofthepeoplewhogottransfusionscontaininghisbloodhadbecomeinfectedwiththesamevirus;presumablytheywerealmostsuretodie.Order:

填空题[A] Communication makes both party know more about each other which make an agreement. [B] The argument itself can not expand knowledge. [C] Reasonable debate plays a postive role in knowledge adrances [D] A basic common knowledge mabe contribution to the argument from which people learn something. [E] Generally, knowledge is gained by argument. [F] Learning can be interrupted by the argument. Do we learn more from people whose views we share in common than from those whose ideas contradictors? The speaker claims so, for the reason that disagreement can cause stress and inhabit learning. I concede that undue discord can impede learning. Otherwise, in my view we learn far from discourse and debate with those whose ideas we oppose than from people whose ideas are in accord with our own. 41.______ Admittedly, under some circumstances disagreement with others can be counterproductive to learning. For supporting examples, one need look no further than a television set. On today's typical television or radio talk show, disagreement usually manifests itself in meaningless rhetorical bouts and shouting matches, during which opponents vie to have their own message heard, but have little interest either in finding any common ground with or in acknowledging the merits of the opponent's viewpoint. Understandably, neither the combatants nor the viewers learn anything meaningful. In fact, these battles only serve to reinforce the predispositions and biases of all concerned. The end result is that learning is impeded. 42.______ Disagreement can also inhibit learning when two opponents disagree on fundamental assumptions needed for meaningful discourse and debate. For example, a student of paleontology learns little about the evolution of an animal species under current study by debating with an individual whose religious belief system precludes the possibility of evolution to begin with. And, economics and finance students learn little about the dynamics of a laissez-faire system by debating with a socialist whose view is that a centralized power should control all economic activity. 43.______ Aside from the foregoing two provisions, however, I fundamentally disagree with the speaker's claim. Assuming common ground between two rational and reasonable opponents willing to debate on intellectual merits, both opponents stand to gain much from that debate. Indeed it is primarily through such debate that human knowledge advances, whether at the personal, community, or global level. 44.______ At the personal level, by listening to their parents' rationale for their seemingly oppressive rules and policies, teenagers can learn how certain behaviors naturally carry certain undesirable consequences. At the same time, by listening to their teenagers concerns about autonomy and about peer pressures parents can learn the valuable lesson that effective parenting and control are two different things. At the community level, through dispassionate dialogue an environmental activist can come to understand the legitimate economic concerns of those whose jobs depend on the continued profitable operation of a factory. Conversely, the latter might stand to learn much about the potential public-health price to be paid by ensuring job growth and a low unemployment rate. Finally, at the global level , two nations with opposing political or economic interests can reach mutually beneficial agreements by striving to understand the other's legitimate concerns for its national security, its political sovereignty, the stability of its economy and currency, and so forth. 45.______ In sum, unless two opponents in a debate are each willing to play on the same field and by the same rules, I concede that disagreement can impede learning. Otherwise, reasoned discourse and debate between people with opposing viewpoints is the very foundation upon which human knowledge advances. Accordingly, on balance the speaker is fundamentally correct.