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单选题The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.

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单选题A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such 1 tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people 2 it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can"t be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been 3 us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were 4 to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a 5 of the green. The new research, 6 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine , isn"t the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer 7 identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood 8 means more places for kids to play—which is 9 since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children"s activity levels. But green space is good for the mind 10 : research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive 11 for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading 12 in a green setting improved kids" symptoms. 13 to grassy areas has also been linked to 14 stress and a lower body mass index among adults. And an 15 of 8,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens. Glass cautions that most studies don"t 16 prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they"re nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives 17 the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors. Finding green space is not 18 easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take 19 of what"s there. Your children in particular will love it and their bodies and minds will be 20 to you.

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单选题According to Garrett, the errors that demonstrate forward planning in speech production include all the following EXCEPT ______. A. spoonerism B. anticipation error C. grammatical error

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单选题The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Mora! Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society"s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it and all the more so the longer they extend.

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单选题Whyisitnecessarytobuild“age‐friendlycities”?

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单选题For any numbers a and b, ab=ab(3-b). If a and ab both represent positive numbers, which of the following could be a value of b? A.-5 B.-2 C. 2 D. 4 E. 7

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单选题The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.

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单选题An electronics company's two divisions showed consistent performance over the last two years. In each year, the audiovisual department accounted for roughly 30 percent of the company's sales and 70 percent of the company's profits over the period, while the home appliance division accounted for the balance. Which of the following statements regarding the last two years can be inferred from the statement above? A. The audiovisual market is growing faster than is the home appliance division. B. The home appliance division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the audiovisual division. C. Total dollar sales for each division has remained roughly constant for the last five years. D. The company has devoted more money to research and development efforts in the audiovisual division than in the home appliance division. E. To maximize profitability, the company should focus its resources on the home appliance division.

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单选题Simile, metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche are terms most frequently used to describe ______. A. literal language B. figurative language C. interlanguage D. pidgin

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单选题Last year Jackie saved 5% of her annual salary. This year, she made 10% more money than last year, and she saved 8% of her salary. The amount saved this year was what percent of the amount she saved last year? A. 56% B. 76% C. 158% D. 176% E. 188%

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单选题Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe"s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family? "Personally, I don"t like quotas," Reding said recently. "But I like what the quotas do." Quotas get action, they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. I understand Reding"s reluctance and her frustration. I don"t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children"s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

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单选题Manydifficultieshave______asaresultofthechangetoanewtypeoffuel.

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单选题The following two questions are based on the following passage: The Southfork Steel Company is in trouble. Since 1960 it has made guaranteed payments to retirees out of a pension fund paid into by current employees as a percentage of their salaries. The restructuring of the Southfork workforce, however, has meant that fewer employees are now needed to produce the same amount of work as in the days of the retired employees. Since current employees are unwilling to pay a larger percentage of their salaries into the pension system than their predecessors did, the pension fund will inevitably go bankrupt.

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单选题When unscrupulous people shoplift, a vicious cycle results. Retailers must raise their prices in order to make up for the lost sales, and the higher prices encourage more people to shoplift. This vicious cycle hurts honest consumers worst of all, because they have to pay higher prices. The vicious cycle described above could not happen unless which of the following is true? A. Shoplifters usually steal only items that they need but cannot afford. B. Retailers do not take shoplifting losses into account when they initially set their prices. C. The best way for retailers to address shoplifting is by punishing shoplifters to the tallest extent of the law. D. Some people would shoplift no matter how low retailers set their prices. E. It costs retailers more to pay security guards to prevent shoplifting than just to absorb the cost of occasional losses due to theft.

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单选题Forget Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The theme song of this recession might well be "Mother, Can You Write a Check?" The distressing economy has resulted in increasing numbers of parents and grandparents helping out their strapped adult children and grandkids with home down payments, credit-card bailouts (紧急财政援助), and spare cash—often at the same time as parents are trying to confront new retirement budgets. "We are seeing a ton of this," says Ross Levin, in Edina, Minn. , a financial adviser. "Sometimes it"s a great idea and sometimes it is not. You have to make sure you put on your own oxygen mask first." Some 62 percent of visitors to Grandparents. com have helped their kids financially in the past year, with 70 percent of that group handing over cash to help their adult children and grandchildren with daily expenses, says the site"s CEO, Jerry Shereshewsky. Another popular category is housing; in the last year many parents have coughed up down payments to help their kids get into homes while the 8,000 first-time home buyer"s credit was in effect. Then there"s the debt-bailout situation. A survey recently conducted by Creditcards. com for Newsweek found that 42 percent of folks with adult children have helped them pay off car loans, credit cards, medical bills, and more. None of this is surprising to Shereshewsky, who sees the trend as a natural result of changing families and the distribution of wealth. "This is where all the money is—and it"s where the money is, despite the fact that we"ve had this meltdown." In general, the baby-boom generation is far wealthier than their children are, and has a lower unemployment rate than 20-something"s. He says that the vast majority of multi-generation households now involve adult children (and sometimes their children) moving in with aging parents. Baby-boom parents generally aspire to help their kids and their grandchildren and don"t want to wait until they are dead to do it. "You should give while you"re young enough to enjoy the fruits of what you"re doing," says Shereshewsky, who is personally considering getting a reverse mortgage on his home when it comes time to help his 20-something kids with home purchases.

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