单选题Should English classes be ______at the elementary or primary school level in countries where it is not the native language? A required B. necessary C. selected D. permanent

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for the Bush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that Osama Bin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban's Afghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroad. To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, the Bush administration resurrected the Cold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make up A1 Qaeda's losses in Afghanistan. In South Asia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with India. Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development. As a Cold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation. And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the' same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. The Bush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan's poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials. And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former World Bank economist William Easterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons."

单选题With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most (1) issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, (2) others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The principal argument (3) by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman (4) , that it is the mark of a (5) society, and finally that it is of (6) effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a (7) evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were (8) of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others. For example, it is one thing to (9) the life of another in a fit of blind rage, (10) quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher.

单选题 Crossing Wesleyan University's campus usually requires walking over colorful messages chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. It's not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd references to professors’ sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word "Nig" that African-American students say make them feel uncomfortable. In response, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass (侵扰). In the process, they're putting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate. Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and lewd tone, Bennet decided to act. "This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learning," Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution saying the "right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards". Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring. At a meeting held by the "Committee on Healthy Diversity" last week, the school's Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of "severe or pervasive conduct" by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnicity (种族划分). Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. "Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived as very unpleasant by another student continues uninterrupted," says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law town meeting last week.

单选题A: Good morning, Peter, how are you? B: ______ A: Very well, thank you. A. Just fine, Ann, and you.9 B. It's very nice of you. C. See you later. D. I am so glad to meet you.

单选题The word most often used by outsiders to describe the Watts and other riots is "senseless". Why would people destroy their own community? Popular explanations of riots focus on the character of the rioters. According to the "riffraff(群氓，社会渣滓) theory", the hint of mob action attracts delinquents (少年犯罪者), uneducated and unemployed drifters (流浪者) and criminal types who delight in violence for its own sake. Most residents do not approve of the rioters' behavior or participate themselves. According to the "rabble-rouser (煽动者) theory", most riots are started by political militants who deliberately plant false rumors, create panic, and stir the crowd to violence. In the case of the Watts riot, investigation by the President's National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders proved these popular theories false. A majority of Watts residents approved of the riot. Sixty-two percent saw riots as a form of protest, not criminal behavior; 64 percent thought the merchants whose stores were looted (抢劫) or burned deserved what they got; 83 percent said whites were now more aware of black Americans' problems; 58 percent believed the long-term consequences would be favorable. About 20 percent of Watts residents were active participants in the riot; another 30 percent watched sympathetically from the sidelines. Of the 3 927 people arrested, 2 111 were over twenty-five years old, 1 113 had no previous arrest record, and 965 others had been arrested before But were never convicted. The typical rioter had been born and raised in the area, had more education than the average non-rioter, was more involved in community affairs, was employed at least part-time, and was no poorer than the average non-rioter. Three-fourths of the rioters (like three-fourths of non-rioters) had grown up in a stable, intact family. What seemed to distinguish rioters from non-participants was a strong sense of black pride and the feeling that they deserved better jobs and were being held back by racism. Finally, there was no evidence at all of a conspiracy (阴谋，密谋). Watts rioters weren't trying to overthrow the capitalist system--far from it. As widespread looting demonstrated, they wanted a greater share of the nation's riches.

单选题Text 2 People who begin to go deaf in adult life have different problems from those who are born deaf. They have to learn different ways of behaving and different ways of communicating—perhaps at a time when learning is not at all that easy. A hearing aid is not a complete solution to the problem. The sound perceived by the deaf person through a hearing aid is distorted and appears to have more background noise than is heard by someone with normal hearing. Deafened people have to lipread as well. Lipreading is difficult, demands intense concentration, and an uninterrupted direct view of the speaker's face. No other activities can take place at the same time: the lipreader has to stop eating, stop reading, stop washing up, stop mending, stop everything in order to concentrate on hearing. It is not a question of stupidity or bad temper—as it sometimes appears to be—but a question of being very easy to misunderstand when the sound is distorted. Remember what it's like trying to communicate on a very bad telephone line. Frustrating, isn't it? The deaf have to face that all the time. A useful way of looking at the problem is to see the deaf person as a foreigner—to treat them as if you were in a foreign country. You would speak more clearly, slowly and raise your voice slightly. And you'd use gestures to make your meaning clear, as well as have no hesitation in using pencil and paper to be absolutely certain. You can do all those things with the deaf—as well as making sure you don't obscure your mouth with your hand, a pipe or a cigarette. Another point quite often overlooked is that a hearing aid may be quite efficient and useful in a quite carpeted room—but try it in the high street in the rush hour, in a noisy car, in a railway station ticket office, a cinema or a concert hall and you've got a really difficult problem to distinguish speech. So don't suggest to or encourage deaf people to go to functions which are going to make their disability appear worse—and increase their sense of failure. On the other hand careful selection of cinemas with good sound systems is important and you should experiment to find out where the best seats are for hearing, fitting adaptors for radio and television, observing which friends are easier to understand, and making sure that people talking are well-lit and all useful and positive activities.

单选题James: How's Kelly doing? Joan: ______ A. She is doing housework right now. B. Her husband is ten years older than she is. C. Her husband works for ZIGUANG, and she is married. D. She's married, and her husband is an engineer.

单选题The synthetic functions of the human, (such as) imagining, visualizing, and dreaming, (is) (largely) associated (with) the right half of the brain.

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单选题--Between you and me, he said you are good for nothing. --______. A. So did he. B. So he said. C. So he did, did he? D. Thus he did.

单选题{{B}}26-30{{/B}} A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists 'have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize: The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚)while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public .eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.

单选题British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The universities have threatened to impose an admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks. The government responded to the universities" threat by setting up the most fundamental review of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter (调 停人)， Sir Ron Dearing. One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years ago. Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money—but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from business. Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britaia Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearing"s advice, hoping it will not be too late—some are already reported to be in financial difficulty. As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the microscope. Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as "consumers". The Confederation (联盟) of British Industry, the key employers" organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more expansion. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to "mass production methods more typical of European universities. " (324 words)

单选题It is believed that high interest rates ______ people from borrowing money from the commercial banks.

单选题"Hi, there. How"s it going?" "Oh, fine. Fine. How about this weather, huh?" "Well, I guess we can always use the rain. " What"s that? This story? Oh, just a little look at small talk. You know, those seemingly meaningless conversations you have dozens of times a day. Maybe you"re waiting for the elevator. Or in a line at the bank. It all seems pretty trivial. Idle chatter about traffic doesn"t do much more than fill the air with empty words that are quickly forgotten. But you should know that small talk actually has a big place in our lives. Pat Oliver, assistant professor on arts, says that, "Left unchecked, small talk can be an invasion. It"s so powerful. It does something to you. " "Every morning after spending an hour and a half on the freeway I start the day with small talk with my secretary," Oliver says, "If I don"t make small connection with another person, I can" t work. " What causes it? As a rule, you"re either trying to force something into your life, or you"re using conversation as an invisible force field to keep them out. You can be wanting to connect with another person, and small talk is your introduction to more meaningful conversation. The way people use small talk is usually determined by where they happen to be at the time. Take the elevator, for instance. Now there"s prime territory. Nobody knows anyone and there"s no reason to start a conversation, but invariably, someone does. Making conversation in such peaceful social settings, according to Oliver, "can confirm your territory. It"s a way of feeling liked and accepted. " The topics of small talk don"t matter. In fact, you don"t want anything more taxing than the weather or the traffic. It"s non-threatening talk in a threatening situation. However, the rules change quickly when youre with lots of people doing lots of talking. Let"s say you"re at a party. Now it"s time to use small talk as a way of making others feel more comfortable around you, so you don"t look silly standing by the food table alone all night. (359 words)

单选题The brain drain of experts away from developing countries will greatly influence these coun tries' development of sophisticated industry.

单选题A: A button came off my shirt and was lost. B: Many shirts come with an extra button. A: You"re right. ______

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单选题The main purpose of this passage is to ______.