单选题 Thirty-one million Americans are over 60 years of age, and twenty-nine million of them arehealthy, busy, productive citizens. By the year 2030, one in every five people in the UnitedStates will be over 60. Elderly people are members of the fastest-growing minority in this country.Many call this the "graying of America" In 1973, a group called the "Gray Panthers" was organized. This group is made up of youngand old citizens. They are trying to deal with the special problems of growing old in America. TheGray Panthers know that many elderly people have health problems; some cannot walk well,others cannot see or hear well. Some have financial problems; prices are going up so fast that theelderly can't afford the food, clothing, and housing they need. Some old people are afraid andhave safety problems. Others have emotional problems. Many elderly are lonely because of thedeath of a husband or a wife. The Gray Panthers know another fact, too. Elderly people want to beas independent as possible. So, the Gray Panthers are looking for ways to solve the specialproblems of the elderly. The president of the Gray Panthers is Maggie Kuhn, an active woman in her late 70s. Shetravels across the United States, educating both young and old about the concerns of elders. One ofthe problems she talks about is where and how elders live. She says that Americans do notencourage elders to live with younger people. As far as Maggie Kuhn is concerned, only elderswho need constant medical care should be in nursing homes. Maggie Kuhn knows that elders need education, too. She spends lots of time talking to groupsof older Americans. She encourages them to continue to live in their own houses if it is possible.She also tells them that it is important to live with younger people and to have children aroundthem. This helps elders to stay young at heart.

单选题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War. They showed their disdain (蔑视，轻视) for almost everything traditional, such as government authority, respect for parents, one's duty, moral standards, and traditional customs. They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair, mini dresses or close fitting clothes to show off the figure. They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation (同居). Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law. And the divorce rate was very high. The endless US wars abroad and sharp class straggle at home caused many American youths to develop a kind of cynicism. They doubted the existing social system, possibility of harmonious (和谐的) human relations, and the long honored standard for correct behavior. They felt society overlooked their needs. Therefore, they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society. They declared "Don't believe anyone over thirty." All this came from the sick society. It's wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things. Some of their ideas were even more decadent (颓废的) and impractical. It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormal society.

单选题The economy in the United States is heavily dependent on aluminum, a material widely used in the construction of buildings and in making such diverse things as cars, airplanes, and food containers. In 1979 Americans used over five million tons of new aluminum, and one and a half million tons of recycled aluminum. Some ninety percent of the bauxite (矾士) ore from which new aluminum is normally derived had to be imported to meet the demand. Poorer ores are abundant in the United States, however, researchers at Purdue University may recently have found a way to obtain aluminum magnetically from these. Although aluminum is not attracted by ordinary magnets, under special conditions it becomes temporarily "paramagnetic", or very weakly responsive to a magnetic field. This is achieved by immersing ore particles in water to which certain salts have been added and then filtering the ore through steel wool in the presence of a strong magnetic field. It is hoped that this technique will reduce the amount of high-grade aluminum the United States must import.

单选题The question of ethics in the legal profession is one that has plagued the industry since its inception. The common image of an attorney is one who will resort to any unethical trick to twist the laws to fit his purposes. In the more specific industry of criminal law, defense attorneys are often criticized for advocating on behalf of defendants who are "obviously guilty," thus becoming roadblocks on the path to justice. Much to the contrary, however, defense attorneys provide a valuable serve that should earn them praise, not scorn. While it is true that every lawyer will do everything within his power to interpret the laws in the manner most beneficial to his client, such a characterization is by no means limited to defense attorneys. The prosecutor will do the same thing, employing all his legal knowledge and know-how to establish the guilt of the defendant. In this respect, the vague nature of the law is highlighted, and it becomes a virtual necessity for each side to use every tool at their disposal, on the assumption that the other side will also use every tool at his. The net result emerges as a positive, in which the tricks of the opposing attorneys cancel one another out, leaving only the truth, clearer and devoid of manipulation, presented for the jury's consideration. Further, the defense attorney is a vital element of the American judicial system, in that without him the defendant would stand no chance whatsoever. Under the constitution, even the most "obvious guilty" defendants are guaranteed the right to a fair trial, involving someone able and willing to advocate on his behalf. Of course, there are bad apples in the industry who are unethical and care nothing for actual justice, and whose only concerns are their wallets. Generally speaking, however, without defense attorneys, the system would crumble into a mere machine in which defendants are assumed guilty, without a chance to argue or prove otherwise, and many innocent people falsely charged with crimes would be severely punished for transgressions that they didn't commit. It is a basic fact that the adversarial system of justice in the United States is necessary in order to ensure the fairest and most unbiased presentation and evaluation of the facts possible. Without defense attorneys, that system cannot be carried out, and would result in a loss of the civil liberties that the nation enjoys and treasures. To that end, all of those who make that process a reality, including defense attorneys, deserve our support and admiration, not our suspicion and disdain.

单选题Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, (31) do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for (32) foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if (33) is missing a deficiency disease becomes (34) Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and (35) nitrogen. They are different (36) their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin (37) one or more specific functions in the body. (38) enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for (39) vitamins. Many people, (40) , believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.

单选题Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}unfavorable reactions in the listener {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}interfere with his cornprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, inaccurate or indefinite words may make {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}difficult for the listener to understand the {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}to explain or describe in a {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}that can be understood by his listeners.

单选题James: Phil has decided to quit smoking. Kim: Again? ______ A. It's a difficult decision to make. B. Cigarettes-addiction is dangerous. C. He's a cigarette addict. D. I wonder how long it will last this time.

单选题In many Russian cities basic foodstuffs (粮仓) are Uunavailable/U.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. How does water scarcity affect people? First of all, it{{U}} (31) {{/U}}their health. It is not that they will die of thirst; rather, the poor quality of the water{{U}} (32) {{/U}}for cooking and drinking may make them ill. {{U}} (33) {{/U}}our bodies require water to treat waste products, plentiful water is required for proper sanitation (卫生)—water that for much of mankind is simply not available.{{U}} (34) {{/U}}people without adequate sanitation rose from 2.6 billion in 1990 to 2.9 billion in 1999. And sanitation is literally a matter of life and death. In a{{U}} (35) {{/U}}statement, United Nations officials warned: "When children lack water that is fit for drinking and sanitation, virtually every aspect of their health and development is{{U}} (36) {{/U}}." Food production is dependent on water. Many crops, of course, are watered by rain, but in recent times irrigation has become the key{{U}} (37) {{/U}}the world% booming population. Today percent of the world's harvest depends on irrigation. If plentiful water flows out of every tap in our home and if we have a clean toilet (抽水马桶) that conveniently washes out waste, it may be{{U}} (38) {{/U}}to believe that the world is running out of an adequate supply of water. We should remember, however, that only 20 percent of mankind enioy such{{U}} (39) {{/U}}.In Africa many women spend as much as six hours a day{{U}} (40) {{/U}}water.

单选题Pupn: Sorry, Mr. Wang. I'm late. My alarm clock didn't ring. Teacher:______.

单选题How is the 1996 discovery related to the possible existence of organisms on Mars?

单选题Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained ______. A. to be shown B. to have been shown C. to have shown D. being shown

单选题______ some of the tasks done by man before, computers are sometimes called thinking machines.

单选题Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly ______ will receive a bonus. A. ratio B. quota C. allocation D. portion

单选题Edison tested more than one thousand materials to see if they could _____ electric current and glow.

单选题Text 3 Because some resources must be allocated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes of our society. The federal budget determines the proportion of federal resources to be invested in social welfare programs and how these resources are distributed among competing programs. The budget is arrived at through a reiterative aggregative political process which mediates the claims of groups interested in health, education, welfare, and so on, thus socializing the continuing conflict generated by their separate aspirations. The test of whether a policy is "good" under this system is whether it can marshal sufficient legitimacy and consent to provide a basis for cohesion and action. Technical criteria may play a role in the process, but the ultimate criteria are political and social. Whether a policy that is "good" in the aggregate sense is also "good" for a particular person, however, is a different matter. If everyone had identical attributes, these criteria of goodness would produce identical outcomes. Any policy negotiated to attain an aggregate correctness will be wrong for every individual to whom the policy applies. The less a person conforms to the aggregate, the more wrong it will be. When a policy is not working, we normally assume that the policy is right in form but wrong in content. It has failed because insufficient intelligence has informed its construction or insufficient energy its implementation. We proceed to replace the old policy by a new one of the same form. This buys time, since some time must elapse before the new policy can fully display the same set of symptoms of failure as the old. We thus continue to invest our time, energy, and other resources as if every new discovery of a nonworking policy is a surprise, and a surprise that can be corrected with some reorganized model. But if policies based on complex, aggregated information are always wrong with respect to the preferences of every person to whom they apply, we should concentrate on limiting such policies to minima or "floors". Rather than trying for better policies, we should try for fewer policies or more limited aggregated ones, such limitations could be designed to produce policies as spare and minimal as possible, for the resources not consumed in their operation would then be usable in non-aggregative, person-specific ways—that is, in a disaggregated fashion. This will require more than just strengthened "local" capacity; it will require the development of new procedures, institutions, roles, and expectations.

单选题By the end of this term, the girls ______ the basic rules of dinner party conversation. A. will learn B. will have learned C. have learned D. are learning

单选题Many (people) who live in Beijing (thinks) (life) in a large city (offers) special advantages.A. peopleB. thinksC. lifeD. offers

单选题The remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20th century has brought enormous benefits to humankind. Long and healthy lives, economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technological progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activities are expanding throughout the world. We may expect, therefore, that science and technology will continue to contribute to the development of human society. At the same time, rapid scientific advances may raise some difficult problems. First of all, the disparity in scientific knowledge between those in scientific and technical professions and those in other areas will continuously expand. This may create a communications gap between the two groups that could affect obtaining public consent on important issues, such as the use of genetically engineered plants or human embryonic stem cells. Secondly, the 21st century will be characterized by a knowledge-based society and a knowledge of science will be required for many professions. Those who lack scientific knowledge will have fewer opportunities for good jobs. Thirdly, the enormous increase in scientific information will become a burden for children who must study science. Already young people seem to be losing interest in science, and this trend may increase in the future. Over the past several years, enrollment in high-school physics courses in Japan has been decreasing, which suggests that many young people are losing interest in physics or avoiding subjects that require diligent study. Finally, scientific research in the next century will require increasing levels of public investment because sophisticated research is usually expensive. If the public loses interest in, science or does not understand the importance of research, it will become difficult for scientists to obtain sufficient financial support. Because of these considerations, I think that we need to carefully review present science education at different levels and to improve it in order to meet the expected rapid progress of science in the 21st century. At the level of primary education, the' most important task is to stimulate children's interest in nature. Naive surprise at the wonders of nature will hopefully lead to a later interest in science. During their secondary education, students must learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena. They will gradually separate into groups of those who like and those who dislike science. It will be difficult to provide the latter students with the scientific basics that would be useful throughout their lives. This is also the case in university education. It is becoming a goal of general university education to give students who are not majoring in natural science and engineering some level of scientific literacy. In the future, all citizens, especially those expected to lead diverse areas of society should have a sound basis for understanding the progress of science. Because the pace of progress will accelerate further, continuing science education for the public is also of great importance.