问答题The quantity theory of money holds that the money supply, multiplied by the rate at which it circulates (called velocity 称做周转率) , equals nominal income. Nominal income in turn is the product of real output and prices. But does money supply directly boost nominal income, or does nominal income affect velocity and the demand for money? The mechanism is murky. Central banks control the narrowest measure of the money supply, called the monetary base (货币基数) —typically, currency plus the reserves that commercial banks hold with the central bank. But the relationships between the monetary base, broader monetary aggregates and nominal income is highly unstable. Central banks have mostly given up trying to target inflation via the money supply. Instead, they study the "output gap" between total demand and the economy's potential to supply goods and services, determined by such things as the labour force and capital stock, as well as inflation expectations. When demand exceeds supply, inflation rises. When it falls short, inflation falls, and in the extreme becomes deflation. To influence demand, the central banks move a short-term interest rate up or down by adjusting the supply of bank reserves. Changes in the policy rate ripple out to all interest rates paid by borrowers.

问答题Premarital cohabitation is becoming a way of life for more and more people in American society. While some argue that the phenomenon may be a good things, sociologists Alan Booth and David R.Johnson of the University of Nebraska reject the idea, based on a nationwide study of 1 872 married persons, 16% of whom reported cohabiting before marriage. Instead, they say, it leads to lower levels of marital interaction and higher levels of marital disagreement and instability. One factor the researchers found that helps to explain the relation between cohabitation and lower marital quality is that some of those who live together already are poor marriage risks. Booth and Johnson report that those who cohabit are more likely to have drug, alcohol, and personality problems; and inability to handle money; and a history of unemployment and being in trouble with the law. In a further analysis, they found that cohabitation itself created difficulties for the subsequent marriage. Living together caused problems with parents and in-laws, a number of couples reported. Other respondents explained that unwanted children were another problem-causing factor that carried forward into their marriages. "The combination of being poor marriage material and the problems created by cohabitation itself account for the negative relation between living together before marriage and lower marital quality. Of the two, being poor marriage material and the risk factors that contribute to such a state are more significant. People whose cohabitation is trouble-free and who are good marriage material -- don't use drugs or have personality problems, are able to hold a job, and so on -- have marriages that are of the same quality as those who do not cohabit./1.In terms of marital quality, what do the 16% of the respondents say about premarital cohabitation?

问答题Directions: In this part, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should 1 ) interpret the table and 2) give your comments. You should write at least 150 words, Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. 某城市人们度假方式的变化情况 Year 2000 2005 2009 Traveling 37% 51% 76% Staying at home 63% 49% 24%

问答题To illustrate the obstacles that parents unconsciously place in their children's educational path, I'll tell you a little story: An excellent, conscientious elementary school teacher who I know has a group of twenty-five 4-year-old children. The brand new school still lacks some basic supplies for the pupils. Also, consumable classroom materials, such as scissors and paper, generally tend to be paid for by their parents, who deposit funds into a common account for the teachers to draw from as needed. Anyway, the first general parent-teacher meeting was held and the teacher stated that after having evaluated the students' development during the first week of class, her evaluation was that her primary objectives would include encouraging sharing amongst the children and stimulating an early interest in reading by providing them with a small library of picture books for them to leaf through, which would be donated to the class by the children themselves. As you would expect at this age, many of the little students were recalcitrant to share their property with the rest of their class. However, what's really surprising is that many of their parents were even more uncooperative with this teacher's approach than their own children. The general feeling amongst these querulous parents was that if the teacher wanted to get those books, the school should pay for them. Granted, their opinions are to be respected, but whether by commission or omission the eager teacher's first two projects were shot down in their infancy. Sadly, I think it would take a mighty big-hearted teacher to risk approaching this particular group of parents, or any other for that matter, with another project of similar proportions. In short, if parents and students obstinately insist on making teachers and schools completely responsible for their children's education, they can actually hinder it. Ironic, isn't it?

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethechartbriefly,2)interpretthecausesofit,and3)giveyourcommentonthetendency.Yourcompositionshouldbemorethan150words.YoushouldwriteyourcompositionneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Part ADirections: Write a letter to your company asking for five days leave, stating your reason (s), and the ways to make up for it. You should write about 100 words. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingphotocarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethephotobriefly,speculatingaboutwhatsheisthinkingof,2)statedifferentviewsonpart-timejobs,and3)giveyourownopinion.Youshouldwriteabout160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题All other previous attempts to solve the problems of dreams have concerned themselves directly with the obvious dream-content as it is retained in the memory. They have sought to obtain an interpretation of the dream from this content, or, if they did without an interpretation, to base their, conclusions concerning the dream on the evidence provided by this content. We, however, are confronted by a different set of data; for us a new psychic material places itself between the dream-content and the results of our investigation: the latent dream-content, or dream-thoughts, which axe obtained only by our method. We develop the solution of the dream from this latent content, and not from the manifest dream-content. We are thus confronted with a new problem, an entirely novel task — that of examing and tracing the relations between the latent dream thoughts and the manifest dream-content, and the processes by which the latter has grown out of the former. The dream-thoughts and the dream-content present themselves as two descriptions of the same content in two different languages; or, to put it more clearly, the dream-content appears to us as a translation of the dream-thoughts into another mode of expression, whose symbols and laws of composition we must learn by comparing the origin with the translation. The drearn thoughts we can understand without further trouble the moment we have discovered them. The dream-content is, as it were, presented in hieroglyphics(象形文字), whose symbols must be translated, one by one, into the language of the dream-thoughts. It would of course be incorrect to attempt to read these symbols in accordance with their values as pictures, instead of in accordance with their meaning as symbols.

问答题题目要求写的是一封简短的祝贺信。祝贺信的写作要领包括： 1．直接报告喜讯或表达听到喜讯的心情。 2．报告喜讯的详细内容或对喜讯的积极评价。 3．希望对方能够分享快乐或衷心的祝愿。 写祝贺信的时候要特别注意以下几点： 1．祝贺信是与收信人加深友好关系的好机会，信中应该洋溢着喜悦。 2．要写清楚祝贺的具体事项。 3．感情真切，不能言过其实，显得虚伪。 4．信中应该包含与该事项相关的期盼。

问答题The fear of Americanization of the planet is a more ideological paranoia than reality. There is no doubt that, with globalization, English has become the general language of our time, as was Latin in the Middle Ages; and it will continue its ascent, since it is an indispensable instrument for international transactions and communication. But does this mean that English necessarily develops at the expense of the other great languages? Absolutely not. In fact, the opposite is true. The vanishing of borders and an increasingly interdependent world have created incentives for new generations to learn and assimilate other cultures, not merely as a hobby, but also out of necessity, because the ability to speak several languages and navigate comfortably in different cultures has become crucial for professional success. Consider the case of Spanish. Half a century ago, Spanish speakers were an inward- looking community; they projected themselves in only very limited ways beyond their traditional linguistic confines. Today, Spanish is dynamic and thriving, gaining beachheads or even vast landholdings on all five continents. That there are between 25 and 30 million Spanish speakers in the United States today explains why the two recent U.S. presidential candidates—the Texas governor George W Bush and the vice-president A1 Gore—campaigned not only in English, but also in Spanish.

问答题Outline:1. Continuing Increase of Population2. The Problem Brought by Population3. We Should Control Population

问答题Our hypothesis is that immigrants, who often do not speak the language and do not master the culture and norms of the host country, are concentrated in more manual-routine tasks (especially among less educated groups). The inflow of immigrants thus increases the supply of manual skills relative to the supply of abstract skills with two effects: ●Due to the complementarity between these types of skills, the increase in the supply of manual tasks boosts relative compensation for complex skills, making them better paid. ●Exploiting their comparative advantage, natives move to occupations requiring a relatively higher level of these skills. This positive reallocation and the complementarity of tasks can explain the lack of negative employment effects as well as the potential positive wage effects of immigration on native workers. So here"s how it all shakes out. Low-skilled immigration reduces economic inequality when we set aside nationalist assumptions and focus on people instead of populations. Even if we cling to analytical and moral nationalism, low-skilled immigration doesn"t happen to increase measured inequality. On the contrary, complementaries between the skills of migrant and native workers can leave natives better off than they would have been with less immigration.

问答题Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy. They often co-operate with governments in efforts to stabilize economies and to prevent inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in allocating funds on credit. Banks originated as places to which people took their valuables for safe-keeping, but today the great banks of the world have many functions in addition to acting as guardians of valuable private possessions. We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish to obtain capital. The bank is a reservoir of loanable money, with streams of money flowing in and out. For this reason, economists and financiers often talk of money being "liquid", or of the "liquidity" of money.

问答题求职信

问答题What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Drucker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Drucker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modern science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.

问答题Part A Directions: You are going to take part in MBA exam. Write "A Letter of inquiry" to the dean of Management School to inquire about: 1．the subjects to be examed; 2．the number of students to be enrolled; 3．training program. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. A Letter of Inquiry __________

问答题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. (1){{U}}Unemployment does not have the same dire ( 怕的) consequences today as it did in the 1930's when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence;{{/U}} and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. (2){{U}}Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.{{/U}} Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. (3){{U}}Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer.{{/U}} For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. (4){{U}}Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.{{/U}} (5){{U}}As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus.{{/U}} There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.

问答题The system of higher education in the United States is complex. It comprises four categories of institutions. The university, which may contain: (A) several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor's (four-year) degree and (B) one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor's degree to obtain a master or a doctoral degree; the four-year undergraduate institution— the college—most of which are not part of a university; the technical training institution, at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration and learn a wide variety of technical skills, from hair styling through business accounting to computer programming; and the two-year, or community college, from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges or universities. Any of these institutions, in any category, might be either public or private, depending on the source of its funding. There is no clear or inevitable distinction in terms of quality of education offered between the institutions which are publicly or privately funded; however, this is not to say that all institutions enjoy equal prestige nor that there are no material differences among them.

问答题共16题，任选6题，每题5分，共30分，多选者以前选6题计分

问答题延误已给我方带来极大不便，望函复我方何时可以发货。