单选题Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs"s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman"s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm"s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive"s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20G. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between their leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.

单选题When APPEAL is said slowly, ______ sound segments can be recognized. A. three B. four C. five D. six

单选题36 If x is an integer and y=4x+3, which of the following cannot be a divisor of y? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 9 E. 23

单选题 "I promise." "I swear to you it'll never happen again." "I give you my word." "Honestly. Believe me." Sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my students' essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism (剽窃) appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won't detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student's work with his or her name even if it's missing from the upper left-hand corner. Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average (GPA)? When we're threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. "If you let me pass math I will…" "Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I'll…" Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché(陈词滥调) to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not? Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of a PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were {{U}}borderline passing{{/U}}. I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it was his own work. I gave him the identical assignment and told him to write it in class, and that I'd understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. "I promise …, I'm not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I'm just nervous today." The head of the English department agreed with my findings, and the meeting with the dean had the boy's parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy's previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation (留校查看), the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, "He's only. a child" and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such… except in this uncomfortable circumstance.

单选题When the hedgehog feels threatened, it tucks its head into its chest and rolls itself into a Uspiny/U, ball-shaped mass.

单选题A.416B.224C.188D.104E.56

单选题______, there is no place like home, wherever you go. A. It may be humble B. As humble it may be C. Humble it may be D. Humble as it may be

单选题In studying the manners of articulation, [θ] is considered to be a/an ______ in English. A. stop B. fricative C. approximate D. lateral

单选题William Sydney Porter (1861—1910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina"s school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was licensed pharmacist. However, within a year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father"s, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this time, Webster"s Unabridged Dictionary was his constant companion, and Porter gained a knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his habit of calling "Oh, Henry" to a family cat. In 1887, Porter married Athol Estes. He worked as draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National Bank. In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the Rolling Stone, a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because of his wife"s continued ill-health; however she died six months later. Then, in 1898 porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio. At the age of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym now used to hide his true identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, an after re-gaining his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America"s favorite short story writer. Porter married again in 1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry"s stories have been translated all over the world.

单选题Amberworks20daysamonthatddollarsperdayformmonthsoutoftheyear.Whichofthefollowingrepresentshermonthlypay?

单选题If a cube has a total surface area of 96, what is its volume? A. 16 B. 36 C. 64 D. 81 E. 96

单选题The following data sufficiency problems consist of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in July or the meaning of counterclockwise), you must indicate whether Ａ. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. Ｂ. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. Ｃ. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient. Ｄ. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient. Ｅ. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

单选题Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage Two Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas. Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning "to excite" or "to set in motion." A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere. As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system. Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual's personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging. In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) , the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives. Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.

单选题Rugby is a fast, rough game that is played throughout the British Isles. The game split off from British football in the mid-19th century when the Football Association forbade players to handle the ball. There are two codes of Rugby football, Rugby Union and Rugby League, which have slightly different rules and scoring systems. In Rugby League each team has 13 players compared with 15 in Rugby Union. Players sometimes change from one code to the other during their careers. In Rugby teams try to win possession of a large oval-shaped ball and carry or kick it towards the opposing team"s goal line, the line at each end of the pitch where the H-shaped goalposts are. If the ball is touched down, on the grass beyond the touchline a try, which worth five points in Rugby Union and four in Rugby League, is scored. A further two points are scored if the try is converted, meaning kicked between the goalposts, above the horizontal crossbar. Points can also be obtained from penalty goals scored as a result of free kicks, and from drop goals. Players try to stop opponents carrying and passing the ball by tackling them. When a minor rule is broken players restart play by forming a scrum, lining together in a group, or by taking a free kick. Rugby Union, also called rugger, is the older for the two codes. It is said to have begun at Rugby School in 1823. It has always had strong upper-class and middle-class associations, except in Wales, and is the main winter sport of most English public schools. It is played mainly by men, though there are now some women"s teams. Rugby League broke away from Rugby Union in the 1890s. Rugby had become popular among working-class people in northern England and many could not afford to take time off work to play in matches without being paid. The Northern Union, later called Rugby League, was formed in 1895 and soon had many full-time paid professional players. The two codes may reunite in the future. In 1995 the International Rugby Board allowed Rugby Union players to become paid professionals.

单选题In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ______. A. Peak or Nucleus B. Onset C. Coda

单选题Thelocalpolicemadean______intotheaccidentwhichcausedtendeaths.

单选题There is plenty of evidence to show the widespread influence of the mother tongue. When the structures of the two languages are similar, we are likely to experience ______. A. positive transfer B. contrastive analysis C. negative transfer D. interference

单选题Perhaps all criminals should carry cards which read "Fragile, Handle with Care". It will never do, to go around referring to criminals as violent persons. You must refer to them politely as "social misfits". The professional killer who wouldn"t think twice about battering some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her small life saving must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of "hospital treatment". According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we aren"t all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in many countries such as Britain has been the suspension of capital punishment. The violent criminal has become a kind of hero figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his "memoirs". Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publisher of trashy cops and robber stories or "number mysteries" have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is embraced and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. It"s no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes. Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal violence. It"s frightening to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that "life sentence" does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good conduct, the most desperate wicked person can return to society where he will live very comfortably on the proceeds of his crime, or he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. It"s always fashionable to pose as the defender of the underdog so long as you remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment in their desire for fair play? Hardly, you know, they couldn"t, because all the victims were dead.

单选题A recent spate of art thefts at a major museum has led to a drastic increase in the insurance premiums that the museum must pay to insure its collection. Many art fans are concerned that the museum, which traditionally has charged no entrance fee, will be forced to charge a high entrance fee in order to pay for the increased insurance premiums. Which of the following, if true, would most alleviate the concern of the art fans that the museum will be forced to charge high entrance fees? A. Law enforcement officials recently apprehended the Belgian Bobcat, a notorious art thief who has been linked to at least 20 art heists. B. Citing a dispute with the insurance company over the terms of its coverage, the museum has chosen to cancel its insurance policy. C. The majority of visitors to the museum are schoolchildren, who could not reasonably be expected to pay a high entrance fee. D. The museum pays for the majority of its total expenses from its large endowment, which is earmarked specifically for purchasing new art. E. The museum recently installed a state-of- the-art burglar alarm system that will make future thefts almost impossible.

单选题 "The word 'protection' is no longer taboo (禁忌语)" This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause. These leaders, of course, weren't acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they'd profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned—though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asia, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade. That's why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that "creative destruction" was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there's clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice. A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what's happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else's when they dominate these global institutions. The time has therefore come for the Asians—who are clearly the new winners in today's global economy—to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade. Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there's a real danger that Adam Smith's principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.