单选题The most appropriate title for this text could be ______.

单选题The three main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school, the academy, and the public high school. The first of these was a colonial institution. It began in New England with the establishment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School. The curriculum consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry. The academy began in the early 1750"s with Benjamin Franklin"s school in Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania. It extended generally to about the middle nineteenth century, except in the southern states where the public high school was late in developing and where the academy continued to be a principal means of secondary education even after 1900. The academy was open to girls as well as to boys, and it provided a wider curriculum than what the Latin grammar school had furnished. It was designed not only as a preparation for college but also for practical life in commercial and business activities. Although its wide educational values are evident and are recognized as important contributions to secondary education in this country, the academy has never been considered a public institution as the public high school has come to be. The public high school had its origin in Massachusetts in 1821 when the English Classical School was established in Boston. In 1827, the state enacted the first state wide public high school law in the United States. By 1840, there were perhaps a dozen public high schools in Massachusetts and many in other eastern states by 1850, they could also be found in many other states. Just as the curriculum of the academy grew out of that of the Latin grammar school, the curriculum of the public high school developed out of that of the academy. The public high school in the United States is a repudiation (推翻) of the aristocratic and selective principle of the European educational tradition. Since 1890, enrollments in secondary schools, mainly public high schools, have practically doubled in this country every ten years.

单选题The table below shows the enrollment in various classes at a certain college. class0 Number of Students Bioloby 50 Physics 35 Calculus 40 Although no student is enrolled in all three classes, 15 are enrolled in both Biology and Physics, 10 are enrolled in both Biology and Calculus, and 12 are enrolled in both Physics and Calculus. How many different students are in the three classes? A. 51 B. 88 C. 90 D. 125 E. 162

单选题 When Thomas Keller, one of America's foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European--style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French. But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice. Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. "Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job" is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants. Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumers' assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip. Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers. What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upselling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized. In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.

单选题The functions of language do NOT include ______. A. informative function B. interpersonal function C. metacognitive function

单选题Nobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes ever more international, it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark. In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a man should shake hands with everyone present. This can be a demanding task and, in a crowded room, may require gymnastic ability if the farthest hand is to be reached. Handshaking is almost as popular in some other countries, but Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness. In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food, but the way you behave as you eat. Some things are just not done. In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Business has its place: after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something—something, that is, other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your head. In Germany, as you walk sadly back to your hotel room, you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited you out for the evening. Don"t worry, it is probably nothing personal. Germans do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm as some of their European counterparts. The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider, it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange. To the Germans, titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doktor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess. In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctor—and engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles. These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language, of course, is full of difficulties—disaster may be only a syllable away. But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with, the less likely you are to get into difficulties. It is worth the effort. It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product or the price, but the fact that you offended your hosts in a light-hearted comment over an aperitif (开胃酒). Good manners are admired, they can also make or break the deal.

单选题An American manufacturer of racing bikes reported a 1996 second-quarter gross income of $18 million, compared with $11.5 million in the second quarter of 1995. This increase was realized despite a drop in U.S. sales of racing bikes in 1996 compared with i995, which was partly attributable to the unusually high sales in 1995 as a result of the unprecedented success of an American cyclist in a high-profile international race. Which of the following, if true, would contribute most to an explanation of the increase in the manufacturer's gross income in 19967 A. Foreign manufacturers of racing bikes announced increased sales of their products in Europe in 1996 compared with 1995. B. In the first quarter of 1996, the American cyclist who won the high-profile international race in 1995 announced that he was switching to the racing bike made by the manufacturer in question. C. In the first quarter of 1995, the manufacturer in question first began selling its top-of-the-line "Titanium Extreme" model. D. In the second quarter of 1996, the manufacturer announced that it would begin production of skateboarding equipment in the following quarter. E. Intense competition in the racing bike market forced a competitor of the manufacturer to go out of business in the fourth quarter of 1996.

单选题Advertisement: We at Vesuvius Vacuums always give our customers what they deserve, and they deserve the very best. That's why we use only SuperTec air filters. Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the argument expressed in the advertisement? A. In a test of three leading air filters, the SuperTec air filter performed at the same level as one of the filters and at a higher level than the other. B. The SuperTec air filter is the only kind of air filter that will fit in the model of vacuum sold by Vesuvius Vacuums. C. In a national study by a prominent consumer group, Vesuvius Vacuums gained a "superior" rating for product quality. D. The customers of Vesuvius Vacuums have expressed no preferences concerning the type of air filter used in the product. E. The specific air filter used in a given vacuum makes only a small difference in the long-term performance of that vacuum.

单选题Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning? A. Connotative meaning. B. Denotative meaning. C. Conceptual meaning.

单选题Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls" lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls"identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls" lives and interests. Girls" attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What"s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children"s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children"s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids" clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers" term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.

单选题An engineer designed a ball so that when it was dropped, it rose with each bounce exactly one-half as high as it had fallen. The engineer dropped the ball from a 16-meter platform and caught it after it had traveled 46.5 meters. How many times did the ball bounce? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 E. 9

单选题The following data sufficiency problems consist of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in July or the meaning of counterclockwise), you must indicate whether Ａ. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. Ｂ. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. Ｃ. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient. Ｄ. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient. Ｅ. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

单选题The chimney is no longer ______ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used. A. giving away B. giving off C. giving in D. giving up

单选题In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be, we have to do more than just ______ with events.

单选题In 1924 America"s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 21 workers" productivity. Instead, the studies ended 22 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 23 to being experimented upon changed subjects" behavior. The idea arose because of the 24 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 25 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 26 what was done in the experiment; 27 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 28 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 29 to alter workers" behavior 30 itself. After several decades, the same data were 31 to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 32 the descriptions on record, no systematic 33 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 34 interpretation of what happed. 35 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 36 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 37 to rise for the next couple of days. 38 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 39 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 40 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.

单选题The government has decided to reduce ______ on all imports.

单选题[Focus on the location of the stress] A. include B. convey C. attain D. prosper

单选题But the judge surprised the entire court when he stated, "The ______ of the marriage contract invalidated it."

单选题______ studies the internal structure of simple propositions. A. Predicate calculus B. Propositional calculus C. Sentential calculus

单选题Which of the following are NOT instances of ASSIMILATION? A. Nasalization B. Dentalization C. Variation