marathon-viewing

target language

catch up with

It is 20 years since they lived in Seattle.

take-away

公使衔参赞

文艺工作

数字鸿沟

新兴产业

Economies of scope are conceptually similar to economies of scale. Whereas economies of scale for a firm primarily refers to reductions in the average cost(cost per unit)associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, economies of scope refers to lowering the average cost for a firm in producing two or more products. Here, economies of scope make product diversification efficient if they are based on the common and recurrent use of proprietary know-how or on an indivisible physical asset. For example, as the number of products promoted is increased, more people can be reached per unit of money spent. At some point, additional advertising expenditure on new products may become less effective(an example of diseconomies of scope). Related examples include distribution of different types of products, product bundling, product lining, and family branding. If a sales force sells several products, it can often do so more efficiently than if it is selling only one product. The cost of its travel time is distributed over a greater revenue base, so cost efficiency improves. There can also be synergies between products such that offering a range of products gives the consumer a more desirable product offering than would a single product. Economies of scope can also operate through distribution efficiencies: it can be more efficient to ship a range of products to any given location than to ship a single type of product to that location. Further economies of scope occur when there are cost savings arising from byproducts in the production process. An example would be the benefits of heating from energy production having a positive effect on agricultural yields. A company that sells many product lines sells in many countries, or both will benefit from reduced risk levels as a result of its economies of scope. If one of its product lines falls out of fashion or if one country has an economic slowdown, the company will likely be able to continue trading. Not all economists agree on the importance of economies of scope. Some argue that the concept applies only to certain industries, and then only rarely.

UNEP

FTP

货币贬值

export of labor services

I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we managed to convince myself that if it weren' t for my job 1 would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream? Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. Children become aggressive and nervous—cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don' t even say hello. Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There' s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. Some people have found(or rather bought)a compromise between the country and the city; they have expressed their preference for the "quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind—they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the village. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring "morning" to the locals as they pass by? I'm keen on the idea, but you see there' s my cat, Toby. I'm not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.

现在的大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就像一个机器人。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不好觉。他们的学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。

仲裁机构

Buzzword

IOC

打假