问答题Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北航2010研；北交大2005研)

问答题What is acoustic phonetics?（人大2003研)

问答题Which is more important in linguistic studies, speech or writing?(10 points)

问答题Read the following paragraphs and then answer four questions. (北外2011研)The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of learning, but also a means of learning in its own right. This may clearly involve students using language which they may not have fully mastered, and contrasts with other more " traditional" approaches which emphasize part practice(i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning)leading up in a more or less controlled manner to integrated language use for communicative purposes. An experiential approach to learning may therefore involve a degree of what Johnson(1982)refers to as an " in at the deep end strategy". Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers in recent decades to the way in which two sets of factors can be combined. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is the acknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. The experiential vision of learning has evolved in a variety of ways since the 1960s and is now encountered in a number of differing forms. Nevertheless, most experiential approaches to learning rest on five main principles which were developed in the earlier days of the communicative movement, even if certain receive more attention in one variant than in another. These principles are the following: message focus, holistic practice, the use of authentic materials, the use of communication strategies, and the use of collaborative modes of learning.(Tudor 2001: 79)An analytical view of learning posits that according explicit attention to the regularities of language and language use can play a positive role in learning. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements are combined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularities can facilitate the learning of the language. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners" ability to put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. At least, two main considerations lend support to an analytical approach to learning. First, in terms of learning in general, the isolation and practice of sub-parts of a target skill is a fairly common phenomenon Second, explicit identification of regularities in a language has advantages which Johnson(1996: 83)refers to as " generativity" and " economy". Mastering a regularity in a language gives learners access to the generative potential of this regularity in new circumstances Explicit presentation or discovery of the structural regularities of a language can therefore represent a short-cut to mastery of this language and support learners" ability to manipulate these regularities for communicative purposes.(Tudor 2001: 86-7)(1)What are the differences between experiential and analytical modes of language learning?(2)What serves as the theoretical foundation for the experiential mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?(3)What serves as the theoretical foundation for the analytical mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?(4)How would you balance the two modes of learning in your teaching or learning of a foreign language?

问答题Sense relations

问答题Translate the following passages into Chinese. All humans face a serious social and political challenge in the modern world; Living in two different worlds of exchange at once, the worlds of personal and impersonal exchange. It is impossible to understand how these two worlds relate, and to discuss human and resource diversity play such a huge role in the extended order of impersonal cooperation through markets. Commodity and service markets are the foundation of wealth recreation. The fact that stock markets serve by supplying capital for new consumer products explains why they are inherently uncertain, unpredictable, volatile, and, given investor behavior, why they tend to bubble and crash. World stock markets are far more uncertain than markets for commodities and services because stock markets must anticipate innovations—the new commodities and services of the future.

问答题The Beat Generation(3 points)

问答题What do Brown and Levinson(1987)mean by "positive face" and "negative face"? Study the following utterances and decide which type of face is being attended to in each utterance. Support each of your decisions with a brief explanation.(20/150)(1)Come here, Johnny.(2)Passengers please refrain from smoking.(3)I just want to ask you if I can use your bike.(4)You must be tired after the long flight. Shall we talk about the contract tomorrow?

问答题d)It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

问答题"Wherever I sat, there I might live, and the landscape radiated from me accordingly. "

问答题Teachers and students like to say, " God helps those who help themselves. " They use this remark to encourage others and themselves to work hard. However, in real life, we may often find that " God" does not always help those who work very hard to help themselves. Many migrant workers have worked very hard, but they and their families remain poor. Primary school children in a mountainous village may study hard, but the chances are often slim for them to enter a university. So, what do you think of this remark after all? Does it tell a truth or a lie? Write an essay in 400 to 500 words to clarify and support your opinion. In this essay, you must have a clear statement of your opinion, you should give at least two reasons in support of your opinion, and you should give reasons why the opinion or opinions you oppose are wrong or are not as well developed as your opinion.

问答题One would have difficulty determining which factor contributes more to the success of a great writer—talent or hard work.

问答题Highlight Nobel Prize Laureate Eugene O"Neill.

问答题symbolism

问答题欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。

问答题paraphrase

问答题The features of Noh, the oldest fonn of Japanese drama, are highly prescribed; verse sections must be sung, and the vocal style in the prose passages has to base on the chanting of specific Buddhist prayers.

问答题What is the main difference between literal language and figurative language? (中山大学2006研)

问答题How do you understand "duality" , a design feature of language?

问答题inflectional affix