填空题The p function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies.

填空题A. Breaking all constraints B. Timeline to execution C. The purpose of the decision D. Known unknowns and unknown unknowns E. Wrong is never permanent F. Resource accessibility G. Playing to self-interest Leadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to "move the needle" when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting and profound impacts. Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision: 1 In the military, there was (and still is) a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the individual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organizational chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and that"s not what a team or an organization is about. 2 Well, "never" is a strong word, but you get the idea. I"ve said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that particular problem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve for at another. Seek as many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation. 3 There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision in the given time, whereas external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you have no control over, such as weather, the economy or market demand. You want to ask yourself two questions. First, "Is now the right time to decide?" If the answer is yes, then your next question is, "Am I capable of executing the decision?" If the answer is no then ask "why?" 4 These are the constraints surrounding the execution of your decisions. A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but can"t quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, you"re aware that rush hour in Los Angeles never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours to travel from A to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but don"t know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply can"t plan for, such as a vehicle accident or engine breakdown. Try to identify all constraints as best you can so you know how to align them towards the purpose of your decision. 5 If at first you don"t succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it, so be sure to identify not only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every decision should have a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete. Decision-making can paralyze you if you"re not prepared. Tackle your next major dilemma using the aforementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.

填空题When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred to as speaker's meaning, or contextual meaning.

填空题Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.

填空题human

填空题Trying to achieve your goals without an action plan is like trying to drive throughout unfamiliar roads to a distant city. The wasted time, energy and money will probably cause you to give up before very long. A. goals B. throughout C. wasted D. before

填空题We can refer to Socrates and Plato who have been dead for years. This indicates a design feature of language-d .

填空题 Colunm A Column B 1)Fricative (a)pork and sports 2)Glottal (b)ball-balls 3)Aspirated and unaspirated (c)"tea" in English 4)English syllable (d)(C)v(C) 5)Chinese syllable (e)[h] 6)Adjective compound (f)editor-edit 7)Back-formation (g)(((C)C)C)v((((C)C)C)C) 8)Broadening (h)thought-provoking 9)Loanword (i)[f] 10)inflectional affix (j)bird—young bird—any kind of bird

填空题There has been a maxim in ______ which claims that "You are what you say.\

填空题Stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. For long words, the more stressed syllable is the p stress while the less stressed syllable is known as the secondary stress.

填空题The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.

填空题A syllable must have a n , which is often the task of a vowel.

填空题cupboard

填空题 cherish reach receive rub beam curious history overcome extend kinship break intimate origin enthusiastic barbaric insulting eyes ceremony execute unwashed pertinent sanity substitute relief worse partake custom advertisement alternative spring At the White House on New Year"s Day, 1907, Theodore Roosevelt set a world record for shaking hands-8,150 of them, according to his biographer Edmund Morris, including those of "every aide, usher and policeman in sight". Having done his exuberant political duty, says Morris, Teddy went upstairs and privately, disgustedly, scrubbed himself clean. We may presume that on Inauguration Day in January 2001, President Trump will not try to 1 Roosevelt"s record. Trump"s views are known: "I think the handshake is 2 ... Shaking hands, you catch the flu, you catch this, you catch all sorts of things." Donald Trump may be right. The more you think about it, the more disgusting the handshake become. Although it is a public gesture, a reflexive 3 of greeting, the handshake has a clammy dimension of 4 . The clamminess is illustrated in principle by the following: a young 5 rushed up to James Joyce and asked, "May I kiss the hand that wrote Ulysses?" Joyce replied, "No. It did lots of other things, too." Most of us don"t think about it. The handshake is expected and is 6 automatically in a ritual little babble of nice to meet you how do you do? If you had an attack of fastidiousness and refused to shake someone"s 7 hand, then the handshake would become an awkwardness and an issue a refusal being an outright 8 . Now that he is almost a candidate, how is the fussy, hygienic Donald to keep his 9 in an election year"s orgies of grip-and-grin? Mingling with the 10 , he will presumably shake tens of thousands of germy hands. The most graceful 11 —the Hindu namaste (slight bow, hands clasped near the hart as in prayer)—would not play well in American politics. One 12 might be to shake your own hand, brandishing the two-handed clutch in font of your face like a champ while looking the voter in the 13 . No. Too much self-congratulation. A politician mustn"t 14 his narcissism. Best not to think about it. Television has taken so much of the physicality—the sheer touch— out of politics that we should 15 the vestigial handshake, the last fleeting, primitive human contact, flesh to flesh, sweat to sweat, pulse to pulse. A true politician loves shaking hands. Study Bill Clinton working a rope line. Greedily, avidly, his long, curiously angled fingers 16 deep into the crowd to make the touch, an image that in my mind has some cartoonist"s 17 to Michelangelo"s Adam on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Lyndon Johnson pressed flesh with the same gluttonous physicality, wading into the human surf, clawing and pawing into the democratic mass with an appetite amazing, alarming. On the 18 side, the handshake may be a form of souvenir collecting. My father used to keep a framed photograph of himself shaking hands with the young Richard Nixon, the two of them 19 at each other; my father posted a little sign at the bottom of the picture: COUNT YOUR F1NGERS. 20 continuities; Brooke Astor, now 97, remembers the day when, as a little girl, she shook the hand of Henry Adams. I recall the day when I was a child working for the summer as a Senate page and the aged Herbert Hoover visited the Senate chamber, not a celebrity so much as a 21 . He looked like a Rotarian Santa Claus. After the Senators and pages all shook his band—a dry hand, soft and bony at the same time, like grasping a small, fragile bird—another page, 22 by his (rather forgiving) sense of history, Exclaimed, "I"m never going to wash my hand again!" If the social handshake has its anthropological 23 in the idea of primitive man showing he was not carrying a weapon, the political handshake 24 from long ago when king"s touch might do magic and when the power of such connection seemed infinitely more 25 than the potential germs. To touch was to 26 somehow—maybe even through the germs—of the king"s magic. Surely voters will imagine that when they shake hands with Donald Trump, gold will 27 off. (Of course, bad magic may also be communicated. Maybe the handshake with Herbert Hoover many years ago explains why, from time to time, I am visited by a great depression.) If Trump were to think about it, he might be grateful that contact with the electorate is not more intimate than it is. Suppose it were 28 for a politician to kiss not only an occasional baby but also every voter in that mating-goose, cocktail-party way? It could be even 29 . Among some tribes in the highlands of Papua New Guinea, men say hello by genially clasping each other"s genitals. Trump should be 30 as he won"t have to work that kind of rope line.

填空题______ can be denied as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.

填空题Some observers note that such battles will be unnecessary if we had high-quality day-care center at workplaces and more reasonable work schedules for both mothers and fathers. A. note B. will C. at workplaces D. schedules

填空题demonstrate

填空题The theory of conversational implicature Was proposed by ______.

填空题(Chomsky, Jespersen, Whorf, Jones, Saussure, Austin, Firth, Bloomfield, Halliday, Odgen and Richard) Scholar(s) Theories or Contributions 1) (a)Cardinal Vowels 2) (b)Semantic triangle 3) (c)linguistic determination and linguistic relativity 4) (d)Speech Act Theory 5) (e)London School and a distinctively British approach to linguistics 6) (f)Systemic-Functional Grammar 7) (g)Transformational-Generative Grammar 8) (h)American descriptive linguistics 9) (i)"father of modern linguistics" 10) (j) Danish grammarian, phonetic alphabet

填空题Literary Stylistics focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.