填空题association

填空题The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. Duality and creativity are the only two design features of language.

填空题When American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces , in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do Japanese or German firms. A. When B. amounts C. work forces D. in the skills

填空题advertisement

填空题The bow-wow theory is a theory on the origin of language.

填空题An important social use of language is the inter-personal function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society.

填空题At what point is meaning extracted from the words in a text? The reader is supposed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered; this is known as the ______.

填空题Broadening is a process to extend or elevate the meaning from its originally specific sense to a relatively general one.

填空题mastery

填空题In the global village, translating from one language to another is risky and sometimes ______ in misunderstanding.

填空题Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium. The message of this survey of British land art—the most comprehensive to date—is that the British variant, typified by Richard Long"s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long"s photograph of his work is the work. Since his "action" is in the past and the photograph is its sole embodiment. That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain"s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard"s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph. Generally, however, British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn"t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman"s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash. In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can"t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn"t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the painting s of Turner and Constable. A. originates from a long walk that the artist took. B. illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art. C. reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition. D. represents the elegance of the British Land Art. E. depicts the ordinary side of the British Land Art. F. embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors. G. contains images from different parts of the same photograph.

填空题Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.

填空题The main branches of linguistics are phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

填空题It was hard even to make a phone call.

填空题effective

填空题A. Live like a peasant B. Balance your diet C. Shopkeepers are your friends D. Remember to treat yourself E. Stick to what you need F. Planning is everything G. Waste not, want not The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London"s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I"d lost. But it"s still a day-by-day thing." Now he"s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He"s feeling positive, but he"ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—"there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food"—but eating well on a budget. Here"s his advice for economical foodies. 1 Impulsive spending isn"t an option, so plan your week"s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing, it"s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It"s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you"ll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy. 2 This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there"s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little green grocer. And if you plan properly, you"ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller. 3 You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that"s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you"ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off" will be cooked or juiced. 4 Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you"ll feel comfortable asking if they"ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they"ll let you have for free. 5 You won"t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It"s ￡16.95 there or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino"s. I know which I"d rather eat.

填空题A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids B. Build Your Kids" Work Skills C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are G. Build Your Kids" Sense of Responsibility How Can a Parent Help? Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job"s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult"s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes , that parents can take to prevent what I call "work-life unreadiness": 1 You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 2 Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the familyknows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea." They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good. 3 Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 4 Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information in passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 5 They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults, must feel they are respected and supportedby a farther.

填空题TV Can Be Good for You Television wastes time, pollutes minds, destroys brain cells, and turns some viewers into murderers. 1 . But television has at least one strong virtue, too, which helps to explain its endurance as a cultural force. In an era when people often have little time to speak with one another, television provides replacement voices that ease loneliness, spark healthful laughter, and even educate young children. Most people who have lived alone understand the curse of silence, when the only sound is the buzz of unhappiness or anxiety inside one"s own head. Although people of all ages who live alone can experience intense loneliness, the elderly are especially vulnerable to solitude. For example, they may suffer increased confusion or depression when left alone for long periods but then rebound when they have steady companionship. A study of elderly men and women in New Zealand found that television can actually serve as a companion by assuming "the role of social contact with the wider world", reducing "feeling of isolation and loneliness because it directs viewers" attention away from themselves". 2 . The absence of real voices can be most damaging when it means a lack of laughter. 3 . Laughter is one of the most powerful calming forces available to human beings, proven in many Studies to reduce heart rate, lower blood pressure, and ease other stress-related ailments. Television offers plenty of laughter for all kinds of viewers: the recent listing for a single Friday night included more than twenty comedy programs running on the networks and on basic cable between 6 pm and 9 pm. A study reported in a health magazine found that laughter inspired by television and video is as healthful as the laughter generated by live comedy. Volunteers laughing at a video comedy routine "showed significant improvements in several immune functions, such as natural killer-cell activity". 4 . Even for people with plenty of companionship, television"s replacement voices can have healthful effects by causing laughter. Television also provides information about the world. This service can be helpful to everyone but especially to children, whose natural curiosity can exhaust the knowledge and patience of their parents and caretakers. 5 . For example, educational programs such as those on the Discovery Channel, the Disney Channel, and PBS offer a steady stream of information at various cognitive levels. Even many cartoons, which are generally dismissed as mindless or worse, familiarize children with the material of literature, including strong characters enacting classic narratives. Two researchers studying children and television found that TV is a source of creative and psychological instruction, inspiring children "to play imaginatively and develop confidence and skills". Instead of passively watching, children "interact with the programs and videos" and "sometimes include the fictional characters they"ve met into reality"s play time". 6 . The value of these replacement voices should not be oversold. For one thing, almost everyone agrees that too much TV does no one any good and may cause much harm. Many studies show that excessive TV watching increases violent behavior, especially in children, and can cause, rather than ease, other antisocial behaviors and depression. 7 . Steven Pinker, an expert in children"s language acquisition, warns that children cannot develop language properly by watching television. They need to interact with actual speakers who respond directly to their specific needs. Replacement voices are not real voices and in the end do only limited good. But even limited good is something, especially for those who are lonely, angry, or neglected. Television is not an entirely positive force, but neither is it an entirely negative one. Its voices stand by to provide company, laughter, and information whenever they"re needed. A. In addition, human being require the give-and-take of actual interaction. B. While the TV may be baby-sitting children, it can also enrich them. C. Thus runs the prevailing talk about the medium, supported by serious research as well as simple belief. D. Here, too, research shows that television can have a positive effect on health. E. Thus television"s replacement voices both inform young viewers and encourage exchange. F. Television can be a positive practical training ground for moral growth in a changing world. G. Thus television"s replacement voices can provide comfort because they distract from a focus on being alone. H. Further, the effects of the comedy were so profound that "merely anticipating watching a funny video improved mood, depression, and anger as much as two days beforehand."

填空题For psychologists, the task is to determine whether the use of generic masculine nouns and pronouns triggers images of men ______ the exclusion of women.

填空题anesthesia