填空题互补测验可以通过如下几个途径进行，分别是______、______和______。

填空题E.coli中用以识别终止密码子UAA，UAG的蛋白因子是______。

填空题重组能产生______中没有的新的类型。

填空题在果蝇中，雌+++/abc×雄abc/abc，得到下列结果：+++460，abc 460，a++18，+bc12，ab+22，++c28。则这三个基因间的符合系数(并发系数)为______。

填空题无籽西瓜有______个染色体组，______个同源组，每个同源组含______条染色体。

填空题遗传的基本原理是由______揭示的，其遗传理论的精髓是______学说。主要内容为：______。

填空题假定A-a B-b C-c彼此独立，则AABbCc和AaBbCc杂交所得的子代中出现基因型是AABBcc个体的概率是______。

填空题碱基替换包括两种形式，即______和______。

填空题已知人体中G、T、C三个基因都位于17号染色体的长臂，在检出T转化株时，发现19%的细胞株中有G和T共转化，74%的细胞株中有C和T共转化，这一发现表明______。

填空题F因子在细胞中的存在状态有两种，分别是______状态和______状态。

填空题生物体的性别决定有多种类型，试确定下列个体的性别： 人类XXY______，XO______； 果蝇AAXXY______，AAXY______，AAAXX______，(其中A代表常染色体组)； 鸡ZW______。

填空题许多动物的倒位纯合体有致死作用；而倒位杂合体有降低育性趋势，表现为______。

填空题大肠杆菌F + 菌株与F - 菌株结合，最后F + 菌株变成了______，F - 菌株变成了______。

填空题In February of 1997 Dolly, the first successful mammalian clone, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. With the extensive news coverage of this momentous event, the study of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA was thrown into the public spotlight. (41)__________Much of this unfounded fear is based upon memories of poorly researched science fiction novels, fear of the unknown, and a "growing mistrust of science". (42)__________For example, it will be possible for cows to be genetically engineered to produce pharmaceuticals in their milk. This means that vaccination shots and pills would become obsolete. Babies could be brought up immune to diseases by simply being fed this milk. Imagine the impact on the quality of life for people who live in third world countries like Somalia. Whole countries could be made healthy and immune to disease. (43)__________Rice does not provide all of the nutrients that the body needs and in these countries other food is very scarce. If rice or bread, another major staple, are genetically engineered to contain additional necessary vitamins and minerals then we could go a long way towards wiping out malnutrition all over the world. (44)__________Organ transplants and cosmetic procedures, like silicone breast implants, that may cause disease would soon cease to exist. Instead of using materials foreign to the body for such procedures, doctors will be able to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that match the patient's tissues exactly, thus ensuring that the needed tissue will be free of rejection by their immune system. Victims of terrible accidents that deform the face and body would be able to have their features repaired with new, safer technology. (45)__________ Throughout time people have always been afraid of new technology and the power it might possess. When the car was first invented some contemporary scientists were convinced that the human body could not survive at speeds as high as twenty miles per hour. At one time birth control pills, in vitro fertilization, and heart transplants were criticized on the same grounds. Genetic engineering is an extremely new aspect of our technological research and should, at all costs, be allowed to develop further. The immense possible benefits from genetic engineering are endless and should not be overlooked. Genetic engineering, then, is a tool that humans can use to cure many of their problems. [A] Even though the risks are great, the beneficial possibilities are endless. Genetic engineering should be allowed to progress because of the potential benefits for the human species outweigh the consequences. [B] Scientists are only beginning to explore the dangers and benefits of genetic engineering. Yet, instead of seeing the immense potential benefits, much of the American public is automatically rejecting this field of research. [C] Genetic engineering also has the power to cure infertility, which a painful reality that many couples throughout the world face. [D] Even with all these miraculous benefits, many people throughout the world feel that the issue of genetic engineering is absolutely preposterous and extremely unethical. Such opinions are understandable, considering that the majority of people are always going to be afraid of the unknown. [E] Malnutrition, a common problem in many third world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet, could also possibly be cured with genetic engineering. [F] But perhaps, the area that stands to benefit the most from genetic engineering is medicine. [G] Genetic engineering is like performing heart surgery with a shovel. Scientists do not yet understand living systems completely enough to perform DNA surgery without creating mutations which could be harmful to the environment and our health.

填空题母鸡有时会发生性反转而变成公鸡。如令这性反转形成的公鸡与正常母鸡交配，预期其子代中两性的基因为______其比例为______(无Z染色体的卯不能孵化)。

填空题在减数分裂过程中，如果某基因与着丝点之间没有发生交换，则随着同源染色体的彼此分开，该等位基因就发生了______。

填空题可遗传的变异是生物进化的原材料，现代遗传学认为可遗传的变异主要来自______、______和______。

填空题基因互作是指非等位基因之间的相互作用。如果杂交的子二代出现的分离比为15:1，则属于基因互作的______类型。

填空题易位杂合体在减数分裂后期Ⅰ，出现了O型大环，他将产生配子的类型是______，他们育性表现是______。

填空题在互补测验中，两个突变型若表现出互补效应，则证明______；若不能表现出互补，则证明______。