单选题An official report, addressing concerns about the many implications of genetic testing, outlined policy guidelines and legislative recommendations intended to avoid involuntary and/or ineffective testing, and to protect confidentiality. The report identified urgent concerns, such as quality control measures (including federal oversight for testing laboratories) and better genetics training for medical practitioners. It recommended voluntary screening, urged couples in high-risk populations to consider carrier screening, and advised caution in using and interpreting pre-symptomatic or predictive tests, because certain information could easily be misused or misinterpreted. About three in every 100 children are born with a severe disorder presumed to be genetic or partially genetic in origin. Genes, often in concert with environmental factors, are being linked to the causes of many common adult diseases such as heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), various cancers, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Tests to determine predisposition to a variety of conditions are under study, and some are beginning to be applied. The report recommended that all screening, including screening of newborns, be voluntary. Citing the results of two different voluntary newborn screening programs, the report said these programs can achieve compliance rates equal to or better than those of obligatory programs. State health departments could eventually require the offering of tests for diagnosing treatable conditions in newborns, however, careful pilot studies for conditions diagnosable at birth need to be done first. Although the report asserted that it would prefer that all screening be voluntary, it did note that if a state requires newborn screening for a particular condition, the state should do so only if there is strong evidence that a newborn would benefit from effective treatment at the earliest possible age. Newborn screening is the most common type of genetic screening today. More than four million newborns are tested annually so that effective treatment can be started in a few hundred infants. Prenatal (preceding birth) testing can pose the most difficult issues. The ability to diagnose genetic disorders in the fetus(胎儿)far exceeds any ability to treat or cure them. Parents must be fully informed about risks and benefits of testing procedures, the nature and variability of the disorders they would disclose, and the options available if test results are positive. Obtaining informed consent—a process that would include educating participants, not just processing documents—would enhance voluntary participation. When offered testing, parents should receive comprehensive counseling, which should be nondirective. Relevant medical advice, however, is recommended for treatable or preventable conditions. Genetics also can predict whether certain diseases might develop later in life. For single-gene diseases, population screening should only be considered for treatable or preventable conditions of relatively high frequency. Children should be tested only for disorders for which effective treatments or preventive measures could be applied early in life.

单选题洋金花的功效不包括A．止痛B．止咳平喘C．止痉D．止呕

单选题2001年中共中央印发的《公民道德建设实施纲要》明确提出公民基本道德规范的主要内容。公民道德建设的重点是 A．爱国守法 B．诚实守信 C．勤奋自强 D．团结友善

单选题患者全身水肿，下肢明显，按之没指，小便短少，身体困重，胸闷，纳呆，泛恶，苔白腻，脉沉缓，起病缓慢，病程较长。治当

单选题能上助心阳，中温脾阳，下补肾阳的药物是( )(2009年第32题)

单选题清热泻火药中，外用能清热收敛生肌的药物是：

单选题既能活血，又能凉血，并能养血的药物是

单选题化痰药治痰证时最常配伍

单选题A．虎杖B．金钱草C．萹蓄D．通草

单选题味咸而涩，能制酸止痛，为治疗胃脘痛胃酸过多之佳品的药物是

单选题参苓白术散、四君子汤在功用方面的共同点是

单选题A．涩肠止泻B．化湿行气C．两者均可D．两者均非

单选题外用拔毒生肌，杀虫止痒；内服截疟的药物是A．铅丹B．轻粉C．砒石D．升药

单选题A．清热解毒，祛瘀止痛B．清热解毒，消痈排脓C．两者均是D．两者均非

单选题A．清实火B．退虚热C．两者均是 D．两者均非(1995年第109，110题)

单选题南瓜子研粉用量是

单选题A．扶正以助祛邪B．缓峻以防伤正C．两者均是D．两者均非(1996年第113，114；1997年第113，114题)

单选题冬葵子的药用部位是

单选题A．蜜炙 B．酒炙 C．醋炙 D．盐炙

单选题佩兰的性味是