单选题下列选项中，不属于抗ENA抗体的是A．抗Sm抗体B．抗RNP抗体C．抗SSA抗体D．抗rRNP抗体E．抗dsDNA抗体

单选题在下列描述中，哪一项不符合高血压的病理变化( )(1997年)

单选题出现下列哪些变化应高度怀疑胃溃疡癌变

单选题消化性溃疡的主要症状为

单选题A．多为单发病灶，以段叶分布B．常为多发病灶，两肺外带多见C．肺部病变继发感染所致D．肺结核空洞继发感染

单选题Good looks ,the video-games industry is discovering ,will get you only so far. The graphics on a modern game may far outstrip the pixellated blobs of the 1980s, but there is more to a good game than eye candy. Photo-realistic graphics make the lack of authenticity of other aspects of gameplay more apparent. It is not enough for game characters to look better—their behaviour must also be more sophisticated, say researchers working at the interface between gaming and artificial intelligence(AI). Today' s games may look better, but the gameplay is " basically the same" as it was a few years ago, says Michael Mateas, the founder of the Experimental Game Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. AI, he suggests, offers an" untapped frontier" of new possibilities. "We are topping out on the graphics, so what's going to be the next thing that improves game-play?" asks John Laird, director of the AI lab at the University of Michigan. Improved AI is a big part of the answer, he says. Those in the industry agree. The high-definition graphics possible on next-generation games consoles, such as Microsoft' s Xbox 360, are raising expectations across the board, says Neil Young of Electronic Arts, the world' s biggest games publisher. "You have to have high-resolution models, which requires high-resolution animation," he says," so now I expect high-resolution behaviour." Representatives from industry and academia will converge in Marina del Rey, California, later this month for the second annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment(AIIDE) conference. The aim, says Dr Laird, who will chair the event, is to increase the traffic of people and ideas between the two spheres. "Games have been very important to AI through the years," he notes. Alan Turing, one of the pioneers of computing in the 1940s, wrote a simple chess-playing program before there were any computers to run it on; he also proposed the Turing test, a question-and-answer game that is a yardstick for machine intelligence. Even so, AI research and video games existed in separate worlds until recently. The AI techniques used in games were very simplistic from an academic perspective, says Dr. Mateas, while AI researchers were, in turn, clueless about modern games. But, he says, " both sides are learning, and are now much closer." Consider, for example, the software that controls an enemy in a first-person shooter (FPS)—a game in which the player views the world along the barrel of a gun. The behaviour of enemies used to be pre-scripted: wait until the player is nearby, pop up from behind a box, fire weapon, and then roll and hide behind another box, for example. But some games now use far more advanced" planning systems" imported from academia. "Instead of scripts and hand-coded behaviour, the AI monsters in an FPS can reason from first principles, "says Dr. Mateas. They can, for example, work out whether the player can see them or not, seek out cover when injured, and so on. "Rather than just moving between predefined spots, the characters in a war game can dynamically shift, depending on what' s happening," says Fiona Sperry of Electronic Arts. If the industry is borrowing ideas from academia, the opposite is also true. Commercial games such as" Unreal Tournament", which can be easily modified or scripted, are being adopted as research tools in universities, says Dr. Laird. Such tools provide flexible environments for experiments, and also mean that students end up with transferable skills. But the greatest potential lies in combining research with game development, argues Dr. Mateas. "Only by wrestling with real content are the technical problems revealed, and only by wrestling with technology does it give you insight into what new kinds of content are possible, "he says.

单选题溃疡性结肠炎病变多位于

单选题A．幽门螺杆菌感染B．吸烟C．自身免疫D．胆汁反流

单选题隐匿性肾炎指无水肿，无高血压，无肾功能损害，其蛋白尿的性质

单选题男性，60岁，4小时来持续性胸痛，阵发性加重，伴出汗，自服速效救心丸稍有缓解。既往有冠心病、高血压病史8年，发现糖尿病2年。入院查体：血压130/85mmHg，痛苦病容，双肺(-)，心律整，心率60次/分，第一心音低钝，腹部(-)。ECG显示I、aVL、V4～6导联ST段下移＞0.1mV，cTnT(+)。下列哪项治疗措施不合适A．静脉应用硝酸甘油B．皮下注射低分子肝素C．口服小剂量β受体阻滞剂D．口服阿司匹林或噻氯吡啶E．口服二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂

单选题为了改善急性肾炎病人的肾血流量，促进病人身体恢复，护士首先应采取的护理措施是（ ）

单选题内皮细胞与白细胞粘着主要是由于( )(2001年)

单选题呼吸衰竭时下列检查中哪项符合代谢性酸中毒表现

单选题肺癌病人出现有杵状指伴库欣综合征时，下列哪项是不对的

单选题患者，男，25岁。低热2周。查体：气管不偏，右侧胸部呼吸运动减弱，有下肺触觉语颤正常，叩诊呈浊音，肺泡呼吸音减低，未闻及湿啰音，左肺未见异常。

单选题下列关于系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)继发性抗磷脂抗体综合征(APS)的概述，正确的是( )(2011年)

单选题在慢性肾衰进行性恶化中起重要作用的物质是

单选题洋地黄中毒时，下列哪种治疗方法是错误的

单选题男性，40岁，慢性咳嗽、咳痰史10年，突发左侧胸痛1天，呈针刺样疼痛，向左肩部放射，伴有胸闷及气短，干咳，无发热。吸烟约10年，1包/天。查体：消瘦，神志清楚，气管居中，无颈静脉怒张，左下肺叩诊鼓音，左下肺呼吸音明显降低，右肺散在少量干啰音，心界叩诊不清，心率92次/分，律齐，无病理性杂音，双下肢不肿。最可能的疾病是A．左侧气胸B．肺栓塞C．急性心肌梗死D．COPDE．肺大疖

单选题下列不符合甲状腺危象表现的是A．高热达39℃以上B．心牢＞140次/分C．厌食D．恶心、呕吐、腹泻E．白细胞总数和中性粒细胞常减低